WGU D118 OA Final Exam Qs And As

WGU D118 OA Final Exam – Q’s And A’s Symptomatic Bradycardia Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Hypertension Pneumonia Cough Asthma Allergic Reactions Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Sleep Apnea Sarcoidosis Traveler's Diarrhea Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Acute Pancreatitis Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Urinary Tract Infection Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Pyelonephritis Glomerulonephritis Guillain-Barre Syndrome Dementia/Alzheimer Migraine Anxiety/Depression Type 1/2 Diabetes Hyper/Hypothyroidism Addison's/Cushing's Ankylosing Spondylitis Septic Arthritis Back Pain Cauda Equina Syndrome Sciatica Strains/Sprains Fibromyalgia Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Osteoporosis Gout 1 / 4

A patient prescribed a beta blocker medication is in the emergency department with reports of syncope, shortness of breath, and hypotension. A cardiac monitor reveals a heart rate of 35 beats per minute. Which medication may be used to stabilize this patient?

• Adenosine
• Amiodarone
• Atropine

d. Epinephrine ✔️ - ANS: D

Epinephrine is indicated if unstable bradycardia is caused by beta blockers.This patient is symptomatic and unstable and should be treated. Adenosine and amiodarone are used to treat tachycardia. Atropine is used for some types of bradycardia, but not when induced by beta blockers.All of the following are common symptoms of an abdominal aortic aneurysm

except for:

• Chest pain
• Abdominal pain
• Pulsating abdominal mass
• Low back pain ✔️ - (A)

Chest pain is not a common symptom of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.Common symptoms of an abdominal aortic aneurysm include a pulsating feeling near the navel, a deep constant pain in the abdomen or the side of the

abdomen, and low back pain (source: mayoclinic.org).

All of the following are risk factors for developing an abdominal aortic

aneurysm except for:

• Smoking
• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Being male ✔️ - (B)

Smoking, hypertension, and being male all are risk factors for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Other risk factors include an age of 65 or older, a family history of abdominal aortic aneurysms, atherosclerosis, and people who have aneurysms in other parts of the body 2 / 4

A patient reports abdominal and back pain with anorexia and nausea. During an exam, the provider notes a pulsatile abdominal mass. What is the initial action?

• Immediate referral to a thoracic surgeon
• Ordering computerized tomography (CT) angiography
• Scheduling a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate for aortic

disease

• Ultrasound of the mass to determine size (US) ✔️ - ANS: D

This patient has symptoms consistent with an aortic aneurysm. The initial step is to determine the size of the aneurysm; this can be done by US.Immediate referral is not necessary. MRI and CT diagnostic tests are ordered before surgery to evaluate the characteristics of the aneurysm.A 70-year-old patient presents with an aortic aneurysm measuring 5.0 cm.The patient has poorly controlled hypertension, and decompensated heart failure. What is the recommendation for treatment for this patient?

• Endovascular stent grafting of the aneurysm
• Immediate open surgical repair of the aneurysm
• No intervention is necessary for this patient
• Serial ultrasonographic surveillance (US) of the aneurysm ✔️ -

ANS: D

This patient's aneurysm is less than 5.5 cm and repair is not necessary at this time. Serial US surveillance is necessary to continue to evaluate size. Repair is risky in patients with hypertension and heart failure, so avoiding procedures if possible is recommended.All of the following medical conditions can produce episodes of severe

hypertension except for: 3 / 4

• Pheochromocytoma
• Atrial fibrillation
• Hyperaldosteronism
• Autonomic dysreflexia ✔️ - (B)

Atrial fibrillation can cause hypotension. Pheochromocytoma, hyperaldosteronism, and autonomic dysreflexia can all cause episodes of severe hypertension.

A systolic blood pressure of 135/88 mmHg is classified as:

• Normal
• Prehypertension
• Stage I hypertension
• Stage II hypertension ✔️ - (B)

A systolic BP between 120-139 mmHg or a diastolic BP between 80-89 mmHg is classified as prehypertension. A systolic BP less than 120 mmHg or a diastolic BP less than 80 mmHg is classified as normal. A systolic BP of 140- 159 mmHg or a diastolic BP of 90-99 is classified as stage I hypertension. A systolic BP of 160-179 mmHg or a diastolic BP of 100-109 is classified as stage II hypertension. A systolic BP of 180 mmHg or greater or a diastolic BP of 110 mmHg or greater is classified as stage III hypertension.According to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC-8), initial hypertensive treatment for the black community includes either a calcium channel blocker

or a:

• ACE inhibitor
• Thiazide diuretic
• Angiotensin II receptor blocker
• Beta blocker ✔️ - (B)

According to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC-8), initial hypertensive treatment in the general black population should be either a calcium channel blocker or a thiazide diuretic, taken alone or in combination with another drug. Blacks are known to respond better to these 2 choices. For the general nonblack population, initial hypertensive treatment includes either a thiazide diuretic, calcium channel blocker, ACE inhibitor, or an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), taken alone or in combination.

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