WGU D094 TEST REVIEW

WGU D094 TEST REVIEW

COMPLETE ANSWERS 100% CORRECT (LATEST 2024 / 2025 )

1. The Basic Principles of Piaget's Theory:

• Assimilation: New information comes in and it is the same/similar to previous information.

You just add to your scheme. The s in assimilation stands for the same.

• Accommodation: New information comes in and is different than previous schemes. You have

to change your scheme. The c in accommodation stands for change.

• MKO (Vygotsky): More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) - According to Vygotsky we learn

through socialization with a More Knowledgeable Other (an adult, older child, or more knowledgeable peer).

• Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky): Zone of Proximal Development - The just

right place to teach a child. Not too hard, not too easy. They need a little sup- port (scaffolding) from the teacher. Think of first and second grade reading groups - these groups are placing the students in their zone of proximal development.

• Scaffolding (Vygotsky): Scaffolding - Supporting the students in their learning. Asking

leading questions, providing hints, clues, without directly giving students the answer.

5. 3 Types of Speech (Vygotsky): 1. Social Speech - When we talk to others

• Private Speech - When we talk out loud to ourselves. This occurs between ages 3-7. A child

cannot speak quietly inside his/her head.

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs LEVEL 1: Biological and Physiological needs: basic life

needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc.

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs LEVEL 2: Safety Needs: protection, security, order, law,

limits, stability, etc.

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs LEVEL 3: Belongingness and Love needs: family, affection,

relationships, work group, etc.

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs LEVEL 4: Esteem needs: achievement, status, responsibility,

reputation

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs LEVEL 5: Cognitive needs: knowledge, meaning, self-

awareness

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs LEVEL 6: Aesthetic needs: beauty, balance, form, etc.
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs LEVEL 7: Self-actualization: personal growth, self-

fulfillment

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs LEVEL 8: Transcendence: helping others to self-actualize 1 / 3

• Stages of Physical Development

INFANCY (Birth - 2 years): INFANTS: hold heads up, roll over, reach for things, sit, crawl, begin to walk, increased coordination, manipulate objects with hands

BY AGE 2:

feed themselves with hands, jump and run awkwardly, throw a ball, pull a zipper down, make a tower of blocks

• Stages of Physical Development

EARLY CHILDHOOD (2 - 6 years): TODDLERS: love to run, hop, tumble, play, swing, jigsaw puzzles, string beads, fine motor skills begin developing

BY AGE 4: print name, eats with utensils, dress and undress self

• Stages of Physical Development

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (6 - 10 years): slow, steady weight gain, speed and coordi- nation improve, begin organized sports

BY AGE 10: improved writing skills, engages in organized sports

• Stages of Physical Development

ADOLESCENCE (10 - 18 years): weight and heigh increase, girls typically begin puberty before boys

BY LATE ADOLESCENCE:

boys are typically taller and more muscular than girls of the same age, girls' physical growth slows, boys may grow into early adulthood

18. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development STAGE 1: SENSIORIMOTOR

• Birth to 2 years
• Babies = 5 senses and gross motor skills. Objective permeance by the end of the stage

19. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development STAGE 2: PREOPERATIONAL

• 2 to 7 years
• Pre = Preschoolers = illogical, egocentric

20. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development STAGE 3: CONCRETE OPERATIONAL

• 7 to 11 years 2 / 3

• Grade Schoolers = Factual. They like concrete hands-on activities

21. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development STAGE 4: FORMAL OPERATIONAL

• 11 years and older
• Think abstractly and use hypotheses

• Silent Inner Speech - When we talk inside our head. No one can hear our private inner

thoughts.

• Erickson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

TRUST VS. MISTRUST: (birth to 1 year) - Learning that a care giver will meet the baby's needs

• Erickson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND DOUBT: (1 to 3 years) - The me do stage - Pick this choice when the child insists on doing something in the scenario.

• Erickson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

INITIATIVE VS. GUILT: (3 to 6 years) - Pick this choice when the scenario mentions exploration.

• Erickson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY: (6 - 12 years - grade schoolers) At this stage we want to provide positive reinforcement to students. Focus on their strengths. Help everyone to be successful.

• Erickson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION: (12 - 18 years -middle and high schoolers) The

adolescents is trying to figure out what they want to do with their lives.

• Erickson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION: (20s through early 40s)- Finding a partner and friends. Having people, you can count on and not feeling alone.

• Bandura's Theory of Observational and Modeling Learning: - Social Learn- ing = Social

Cognitivism

• Modeling and Emulation - "Bobo Doll Experiment" - "Monkey see, Monkey do" - You

watch someone model a behavior and then try and emulate (copy) it.

• Bandura's Theory of Observational and Modeling Learning 3 TYPES OF MODELS: 3

Kinds of Models

• live - demonstrates behavior in person
• verbal - explain or describe behavior
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