WGU D027 Study Guide: Guaranteed A+
Guide
Celiac Disease - definition (Ans- intolerance of gluten - more pronounced in the duodenum and jejunum
Celiac Disease - s/s (Ans- Abdominal pain/distention, diarrhea (pale, greasy, bulky, foul), malnutrition complications (rickets, occult blood, anemia), early bleeds/bruises, hypomagnesemia/hypocalcemia (irritability, tremors, convulsions, tetany, bone pain)
Celiac Disease - labs (Ans- IgA-tTg, IgA-EMA, total IgA
Celiac Disease – testing (Ans- serologic measurements of IgA antibodies and HLA-DQ2 or HLA- DQ8, endoscopy with small intestine biopsy, duodenal biopsy
Sjoren's Syndrome - definition (Ans- immune disorder characterized by dry mouth and dry eyes, mostly in older women
Sjoren's Syndrome - testing (Ans- SSA+ and SSB+
Cinnamon - Uses (Ans- Lowers BG, Cholesterol, hypertension, risk of bleeding
Cinnamon - adverse effects (Ans- avoid use with diabetic drugs, anticoagulants, and heart meds - breastfeeding women should avoid as a treatment 1 / 4
Gingko Biloba - uses (Ans- halt progression of dementia, used for erectile disfunction
Gingko Biloba - adverse effects (Ans- increases risk of bleeding (avoid using with anticoagulants) and lowers seizure threshold
Glucosamine – uses (Ans- osteoarthritis
Green Tea – uses (Ans- lose weight, mental clarity
Green Tea - adverse effects (Ans- hepatotoxicity, avoid taking with vasodilators/stimulants/psychoactive medications, contains small amounts of vitamin K
Lavender – uses (Ans- increases relaxation, helps with anxiety/stress/insomnia
Lavender - adverse effects (Ans- constipation, headache, increase appetite, decrease BP, caution with CNS depressants
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - structure (Ans- LEFT ventricle is underdeveloped Mitral valves not formed properly Aortic valve not formed properly Ascending aorta underdeveloped Atrial septal defect
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - fetal shunts (Ans- patent ductus arteriosus - artery connecting aorta to pulmonary artery 2 / 4
patent foramen ovale - hole connecting right atrium to left atrium
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - survival rates (Ans- 3-5 year survival rates of 70% for infants with stage 1 repari Children who survive 12 months have 90% survival rate
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - treatment stage 1 (Ans- 1-2 weeks old (norwood procedure) Enlarges aorta and connects to the right ventricle, shunt to pulmonary artery is created, patent ductus arteriosus is closed
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - treatment stage 2 (Ans- 4-6 months old (glenn procedure) SVC is connected to pulmonary artery, shunt from Norwood is removed
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - treatment stage 3 (Ans- 18-36 months old (fontan procedure) IVC is connected to pulmonary artery, hole is made from the IVC conduit attached to the right atrium
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - s/s (Ans- cyanosis, pallor, sweaty/clammy/cool skin, trouble breathing, rapid HR, cold feet, poor pedal pulses, poor feeding
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome – testing (Ans- during pregnancy - prenatal tests to check for birth defects, ultrasound to identify HLLS, echocardiogram to show structures of heart after birth - based on s/s through pallor and cyanosis, newborn will experience s/s once ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale close echocardiogram
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - medication (Ans- tube feedings, medications to strengthen heart muscles, lower BP, and remove extra fluid
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Parathyroid – function (Ans- produces parathyroid hormone that regulates calcium in the bloodstream/tissue - more PTH released = more calcium in bones released to blood/tissue = losing density and strength
Parathyroid – labs (Ans- calcium (8.6-10.3 mg/dL) PTH (11-51 pg/mL)
Parathyroid - s/s hyper parathyroid (Ans- osteoporosis, kidney stones, excessive urination, abdominal pain, fatigue, forgetfulness, bone/joint pain
Parathyroid - s/s hypo parathyroid (Ans- High PTH, low T3/T4 paresthesia, twitching of facial muscles, muscle pains/cramps, mood changes, dry/rough skin
Parathyroid - testing (Ans- ultrasound, bone densitometry, body CT/MRI
Parathyroid – medications (Ans- calcimimetics, hormone replacement, biphosphonates
Parathyroid – treatment (Ans- maintain low serum calcium level in hypoparathyroid
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome - definition (Ans- progressive genetic disorder causing children to age rapidly - no cure
- appears in first two years of life
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome - causes (Ans- abberant splicing of the LMNA making protein - progerin
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