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WGU BioChem C785: Unit 4 DNA and RNA Exam/
Actual Exam Questions with Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) Graded A+
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - Correct Answer - An organisms genetic material found in the nucleus of a cell Double stranded helical nucleic acid molecule consisting of nucleotide monomers with deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous bases (A, C, G, T) capable of replicating
Anticodons - Correct Answer - A specific sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA
What is their proper sequence for these steps?
- Translation
- RNA processing
- Transcription
- Modification of protein - Correct Answer - 1. Transcription
- RNA Processing
- Translation
- Modification of Protein
How do we make complementary DNA (ie - coding to template, or template to coding)? - Correct Answer - Coding strand to Template strand The coding strand is used to make the template strand
Template strand runs in a 3' to 5' direction, which is then used to create an mRNA strand that reads 5' to 3' during transcription 1 / 2
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How do we make mRNA? - Correct Answer - A template strand is used to make the complementary mRNA strand mRNA is converted into complementary DNA via reverse transcription
You are given a normal and mutated DNA or RNA sequence. What steps will you take to determine the type of mutation that has occurred? - Correct Answer - Compare to complementary DNA to identify the codons that have been changed to tell you which, if any, amino acids are altered
Base Excision Repair (BER) - Correct Answer - A DNA repair pathway that involves excision of a damaged base by DNA glycosylase, followed by cleavage of the DNA backbone adjacent to the site by an AP endonuclease. Nick translation, DNA polymerization, and ligation complete the repair.
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) - Correct Answer - Proteins remove 24 or more nucleotides and replaces them with new nucleotides
Nucleotide Excision Repair Steps - Correct Answer - 1. Enzymes detect and repair damaged DNA
- A nuclease enzyme cuts the damaged DNA strand at 2 points, and the damage is
- Repair synthesis by a DNA polymerase fills in the missing nucleotides using the
removed
undamaged strand as a template 4.DNA ligase seals the free end of the new DNA to the old DNA, making the strand complete
Mismatch Repair - Correct Answer - The cellular process that uses specific enzymes to remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides
Mismatch Repair Steps - Correct Answer - 1. DNA repair enzymes recognize the mismatched bases
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