NR-507 Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 7 Exam Q & A
Non-Pharmacological Management Strategy Which of the following is NOT considered a non-pharmacological management strategy for restless leg syndrome?
- Behavioral modification strategies.
- Exercise.
- Avoid caffeine, alcohol or nicotine.
- Discontinuation of an SSRI if one is being taken.
Correct Answer:
Behavioral mod
Conduction nerve studies can help determine if the neuropathy is axonal, demyelinating or both.
- True
- False
Correct Answer:
This statement is true. Conduction nerve studies can help determine if the neuropathy is axonal, demyelinating or both.
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Small Fiber Neuropathies
Identify the types of causes of small fiber neuropathies:
- Hypertension.
- Peptic ulcer disease.
- Vitamin B-12 deficiency.
- Thyroid dysfunction.
- Migraine.
- Metabolic syndrome.
Correct Answer:
Types of causes of small fiber neuropathies include:
Metabolic syndrome.Vitamin B-12 deficiency.Thyroid dysfunction.
Types of neuropathy
Correct Answer:
Focal: Chronic condition with sensory, motor, or mixed involvement that
involves microvascular compression.
Multi-focal: Is purely a motor neuropathy that is characterized by motor
deficits in the distribution of single nerve without associated sensory loss caused by vasculitis or diabetes.
Symmetric: Can be proximal or distal with primarily motor involvement.
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Autonomic Neuropathy Autonomic neuropathy involves damage to the nerves that regulate body functions that is out of the individual's control.
- True
- False
Correct Answer:
This statement is true. Autonomic neuropathy involves damage to the nerves that regulate body functions that is out of the individual's control.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome The most common compressive neuropathy in the upper extremity is carpal tunnel syndrome.
- True
- False
Correct Answer:
True
Neuropathies
Correct Answer:
Neuropathies Peripheral neuropathy has multiple etiologies but there are only a few ways,
however, that nerves can respond to an injury. The damage can occur at:
Level of the axon (axonopathy).Distal to the site of injury (Wallerian degeneration).Distal portion of the axon (degeneration of axon and myelin sheath).
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Myelopathies
Correct Answer:
Myelopathies occur at the level of the myelin sheath due to heredity or inflammation. In hereditary demyelinating neuropathies the axons are spared. Therefore, complete recovery can occur in a few weeks to months.This type of neuropathy is characterized by patchy, segmental injuries.
Neuropathies can be examined based on their pattern of involvement: focal,
multifocal, or symmetric.
focal neuropathy
Correct Answer:
A focal neuropathy is a chronic condition with sensory, motor, or mixed involvement. It involves microvascular compression that results in neural ischemia, paresthesia, intraneural edema that leads to more microvascular compression. Demyelination occurs that results in fibrosis and loss of axon.The first sensations lost include light touch, pressure and vibration followed by later loss of pain and temperature sensation.The most common compressive neuropathy in the upper extremity is car pal tunnel syndrome. The diagram below shows compression of the median nerve at the wrist that results in pain and numbness.
Multi-focal nueropathy
Correct Answer:
A multi-focus neuropathy is purely a motor neuropathy that is characterized by motor deficits in the distribution of single nerve without associated sensory loss caused by vasculitis or diabetes. This type is relatively uncommon and there is always asymmet ric involvement typically in the upper limbs. Weakness begins in the distal upper limbs that causes difficulty in wrist and finger extension or reduced hand grip.
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