Walden 6630 Psychopharmacology Midterm Study Guide With 170+ Questions and Correct Answers 100% Complete Solution
- First generation Antipsychotics (Typical) bind more tightly to D2 receptors and are
not "kicked off" when excess Dopamine is around. This characteristic makes them more likely to cause: - Correct Answer:Extrapyramidal Symptoms (dyskinesias and dystonic reactions, tardive dyskinesia, pseudoparkinsonism, akinesia, akathisia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome)
A spasm of the extraocular muscles causing an upward and outward position of the eyes (possible extrapyramidal symptom associated with typical antipscyhotics can occur within hours to days of treatment): - Correct Answer:Oculogyric Crisis
Acute extrapyramidal symptoms include: - Correct Answer:Dystonia, Akathisia, and Pseudoparkinsonism
Advanced Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome can cause: - Correct
Answer:Rhabdomyolysis
Adverse effects of MAOIs include: - Correct Answer:Serotonin syndrome and hypertensive crisis
All SSRIs but paroxetine (D) are pregnancy category - Correct Answer:C
Another pathway of the CNS that is rich in Dopamine receptors and is responsible for eating behavior: - Correct Answer:Medullary Periventricular
Another region of the CNS that is rich in Dopamine receptors and is responsible for initiating the vomiting reflex: - Correct Answer:Chemoreceptor trigger zone
As a Serotonin Antagonist, this Atypical Antidepressant blocks 5-HT2A and 5-HT3A receptors to increase the amount of Serotonin available to bind to 5-HT1A receptors which are more strongly linked to depression: - Correct Answer:mirtazapine
As Serotonin Antagonists, these two Atypical Antidepressants block 5-HT2A receptors so that more Serotonin is available to bind to 5-HT1A receptors which are more strongly linked to depression: - Correct Answer:trazodone and nefazodone
Atypical Antipsychotics also block Dopamine receptors in the Nigrostriatal pathway and can cause these symptoms: - Correct Answer:Extrapyramidal symptoms (dyskinesias and dystonic reactions, tardive dyskinesia, pseudoparkinsonism, akinesia, akathisia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome)
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Because of its effect on blocking dopamine receptors in the tuberoinfundibular pathway, this Atypical Antipsychotic is the most likely to cause Hyperprolactinemia (oligomennorhea, galactorrhea, and gynecomastia): - Correct Answer:risperidone
Because they also block D2 receptors in the tuberoinfundibular pathway Atypical Antipsychotics can cause: - Correct Answer:Hyperprolactinemia
Before starting another antidepressant MAOIs should be stopped for at least: - Correct Answer:Two weeks (to allow for the body to replace MAO enzymes so that serotonin syndrome does not occur)
Block Dopamine D2 receptors in the Mesolimbic pathway to alleviate positive symptoms of psychosis (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts) and block Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in the Mesocortical pathway that usually prevent Dopamine release from dopaminergic neurons, thus increasing mesolimbic dopamine levels and improving negative symptoms of psychosis (lack of motivation, social withdrawal, and flat affect): - Correct Answer:Atypical Antipsychotics
Cardiac side effects of Atypical Antipsychotics (especially ziprasidone) include: -
Correct Answer:Prolongation of the QT interval (normal = 0.4-0.44 seconds)
Cardiac side effects of Typical Antipsychotics include: - Correct Answer:Prolongation of the QT interval (normal = 0.4-0.44 seconds)
Combining these substances with Cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibitors can result in severe respiratory depression and death due to toxic levels: - Correct Answer:Ethanol and sedative hypnotics (benzos)
Common side effects of Lithium: - Correct Answer:nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mild tremor, symptoms of nephrogeneic diabetes insipidus (polyuria and polydipsia), hypothyroid symptoms (weight gain, cold sensitivity, bradycardia, mental slowness, constipation, and reactive goiter), leukocytosis,
Cyproheptadine treats serotonin syndrome by - Correct Answer:blocking 5-HT2
receptors (serotonin antagonist)
Dopamine regulates: - Correct Answer:cognitive function, motivation, and awakeness
Due to inhibition of nicotinic (acetylcholine) receptors, this Atypical antidepressant is useful in smoking cessation: - Correct Answer:bupropion
Due to inhibition of nicotinic (acetylcholine) receptors, this Atypical antidepressant is useful in smoking cessation: - Correct Answer:bupropion
Due to it's noradrenergic (excitatory) effects, this Atypical Antidepressant may cause tachycardia, insomnia, and a lower seizure threshold: - Correct Answer:bupropion
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