NR 142 Exam 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED BY EXPERTS LATEST VERSION 2023
GUARANTEED 100% SCORE
- sectors of governance - Ans public sector (state actors/institutions), private sector
(household/companies), and civil society (non government orgs)
a "system" - Ans An assemblage of parts and their relationship forming a functioning entirety or whole; a coordinated complex scheme; an assemblage of parts concerned with the same function
atmosphere - Ans layers of gases surrounding the earth
atomistic viewpoint - Ans the whole is the sum of its parts, persons determine the society
biogeochemical cycling - Ans Interactions between biological, geological, and chemical aspects of environment
biosphere - Ans regions of earth occupied by living organisms
Capitalism - Ans an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
caradonnas four main features - Ans interconnectedness, ecological limits (don't have infinite resources), intergenerational (how far out we are looking), localize/decentralize
carbon cycle - Ans describes the route of carbon atoms through the environment
carrying capacity - Ans the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.
civil society - Ans non-governmental organizations
closed system - Ans exchange energy, but not matter
Commensalism - Ans A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
competition - Ans the struggle between individuals for environmental resources
components of economic sustainability - Ans political participation, fair distribution of resources, equal access to services, equal access to education, equal opportunities for safety, equal opportunities for health
- / 2
components of environmental sustainability - Ans maintain stable resource base, protect ecosystem services, safeguard biodiversity, preserve pollution "sinks", preserve renewable resources
components of social sustainability - Ans balance demands of all sectors, avoid excessive debt, continuous production of services, continuous production of goods
consumption - Ans human use of materials and energy
Contrast tornadoes and tropical cyclones. - Ans A tornado is a powerful, rotating funnel of air associated with severe thunderstorms. A tropical cyclone is a giant, rotating tropical storm with high winds. Tropical cyclones are called hurricanes in the Atlantic, typhoons in the Pacific, and cyclones in the Indian Ocean
Decomposition - Ans returns carbon to the sediment (The largest reservoir of carbon, may be trapped for hundreds of millions of years)
density dependent factors - Ans an environmental factor whose effects on a population change as population density changes (i.e. predation, disease, competition)
density independent factors - Ans an environmental factor that affects the size of a population but is not influenced by changes in population density (i.e. (abiotic factors) natural disasters)
Discuss the roles of solar energy and the Coriolis effect in producing atmospheric circulation - Ans Variations in the amount of solar energy reaching different places on Earth largely drive atmospheric circulation. Atmospheric heat transfer from the equator to the poles produces a movement of warm air toward the poles and a movement of cool air toward the equator, moderating the climate. The atmosphere also exhibits winds, complex horizontal movements that result in part from differences in atmospheric pressure and from the Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect is the influence of Earth's rotation, which tends to deflect fluids (air and water) toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
Discuss the roles of solar energy and the Coriolis effect in producing global water flow patterns, including gyres. - Ans Surface-ocean currents result largely from prevailing winds, which, in turn, are generated from solar energy. Other factors that contribute to ocean currents include the Coriolis effect, the position of landmasses, and the varying density of water. Gyres are large, circular ocean current systems that often encompass an entire ocean basin. Deep-ocean currents often travel in different directions and at different speeds than do surface currents. The present circulation of shallow and deep currents, known informally as the ocean conveyor belt, affects regional and possibly global climate.
distinguish between weather and climate, and briefly discuss regional precipitation differences - Ans Weather refers to the conditions in the atmosphere at a given place
- / 2