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UC 8024 PHARM EXAM 4 QUESTION AND
ANSWERS CORRECTLY SO LVED
Question : Biguanides (Metformin)
Correct answer: First line agent for DMII
MOA: Decreases liver glucose production
ADE: diarrhea and abdominal pain
BBW: Lactic Acidosis - rare
Contra: Pts with renal impairment
Question : Sulfonylureas
Correct answer: MOA: Increased endogenous insulin secretion (binding to pancreatic beta receptors to trigger insulin release)
ADE: Hypoglycemia (combined w/ other agents), wt gain, rash
(sulfa), HA, N/V, photosensitivity
Caution: Renal/hepatic impairment
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Question : Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
Correct answer: MOA: Increases muscle and adipose cell sensitivity to insulin & suppresses liver glucose production
ADE: Wt gain, edema, hypoglycemia (if taken w/ insulin),
possible increased fracture risk (women),
BBW: CHF
Caution: hepatic impairment
Question : Meglitinides
Correct answer: MOA: stimulate insulin secretion in presence of glucose
ADE: Hypoglycemia (if patient has abnormal eating schedule),
wt gain, SJS,
Contra: with use of gemfibrozil
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Caution: hepatic dysfunction
Medications in class: Repaglinide (Prandin), Nateglinide
(Starlix)
Question : GLP-1 Agonists
Correct answer: MOA: increases glucose-mediated insulin release. suppresses glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying
ADE: wt. loss, GI symptoms, pancreatitis
Caution: renal dysfunction, severe gastroparesis
Medications in class: exenatide (Byetta), liraglutide (Victoza,
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Question : SGLT2 Inhibitors
Correct answer: MOA: Block renal glucose resorption - causes glucosuria
ADE: GU infections, Wt loss, polyuria, dehydration
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Contra: severe renal impairment
**Fracture risk ***Dose-related increase in LDL
Question : Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
Correct answer: MOA: blocks enzymes that digest starch in small bowel; causing decreased glucose absorption
ADE: flatulence, abdominal discomfort
Hypoglycemia risk with secretagogue
Contra: pts with IBS or cirrhosis
Medications in this class: acarbose (Precose) and miglitol
(Glyset)