Torts Final Exam Questions and Verified

Torts Final Exam Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025) Intent to cause harmful or offensive contact - Correct Answers ✅Requires knowledge OR substantial certainty that the contact will result.Intent is evaluated subjectively; you ask whether that particular defendant had knowledge or substantial certainty.Single-Intent Jurisdiction - Correct Answers ✅Must intend the contact against the plaintiff Dual-Intent Jurisdiction - Correct Answers ✅Must intend the contact and the harm against the plaintiff.Harmful or offensive contact - Correct Answers ✅Harmful is defined as any detrimental impairment of the human body, or any detrimental change to the physical condition.Offensive is defined as something that would offend a "reasonable person's sense of dignity." Contact - Correct Answers ✅does not have to be a direct, "person on person" contact. It can be indirect contact. It does not have to be contact with the skin or body surface of the plaintiff—just something that is closely physically connected to the plaintiff.Eggshell Plaintiff or Thin Skull Plaintiff - Correct Answers ✅Vosburg v. Putney (shin kick) i. RULE: If the defendant 1 / 4

Torts Final Exam Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025) commits a tort, then the defendant is liable for the full damages that result from the tort, even if the exact extent of those damages was unforeseeable to the defendant at the time of the conduct.

Knight v. Jewett (flag football) - Correct Answers ✅RULE:

The act that causes the injury must be intentional and volitional.

Laidlaw v. Sage (bank bombing) - Correct Answers ✅RULE:

There are exceptions when the acts committed are done for the purpose of self-preservation (narrow distinction); must be imminent danger.Restatement 2d § 18 Battery - Correct Answers ✅An actor is subject to liability for battery if a) he acts intending to cause a harmful or offensive contact with another person and

• an offensive contact with that person directly or indirectly

results Not liable if the act doesn't cause harm; not liable if no intent to cause harm or offensive contact.Polmatier v. Russ (insanity shooting) - Correct Answers ✅RULE: Insanity is not accepted as a defense for intent. 2 / 4

Torts Final Exam Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025)

ii. RULE: Irrational action is not involuntary action. Rational

choice is not required for an action to be voluntary.iii. Policy reasoning for holding mentally ill people liable for their torts is to encourage due care.

Keel v. Hanline (eraser throwing) - Correct Answers ✅RULE:

The individual who actually suffers the contact need not be the person whom the defendant intended to harm or offend.Consent - Correct Answers ✅In some jurisdictions, the plaintiff must establish consent as one of the elements of his or her claim. In other jurisdictions, consent is not part of the plaintiff's prima facie claim—it is an affirmative defense, meaning that it is up to the defendant to prove that the plaintiff consented Actual consent - Correct Answers ✅—willingness in fact for conduct to occur; objective standard Apparent Consent - Correct Answers ✅words and conduct that are reasonably understood to imply consent.Grabowski v. Quigley ("ghost surgery") - Correct Answers

✅RULE: You need consent to perform a surgery; you must

consent to being touched by a particular doctor. 3 / 4

Torts Final Exam Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025) Brzoska v. Olson (doctor with HIV) - Correct Answers

✅RULE: Touching has to be of a substantially different

nature/character than what the patient consented to.

Cohen v. Smith (male nurse) - Correct Answers ✅RULE: You

can override the objective standard by clearly expressing your refusal to consent in advance. Subjective sensitivities may be upheld if they are clear in advance, if there is not policy preventing them and if there is reasonable time to accommodate them Werth v. Taylor (Jehovah's Witness) - Correct Answers

✅RULE: You can express subjective sensitivities in advance,

but when the stakes are really high and the unusual sensitivity isn't as clear, the sensitivities can be overridden.Defenses to Battery - Correct Answers ✅a. Consent (actual, apparent, or emergency doctrine)

• Self-defense
• Defense of property or third persons

Prima Facie Case for Assault - Correct Answers ✅Act Intent Apprehension of imminent harmful or offensive contact

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