TEST mBANK mBY m - TO mLOGIC TEST mBANK mBY m PATRICK mJ.HURLEY Ch...

AmCONCISEmINTRODUCTIONm TO mLOGIC TEST mBANK mBY m PATRICKmJ.HURLEY 1 / 4

Chapterm1mTestmA

MULTIPLE mCHOICE

INSTRUCTIONS: mThemfollowingmselectionsmrelatemtomdistinguishingmargumentsmfrommnonarguments mandmidentifyingmconclusions.mSelectmthembestmanswermformeach.

• Theremappearsmtombemamgrowingmhappinessmgapmbetweenmmenmandmwomen.mWomenmtodaymaremwor

kingmmoremandmrelaxingmless,mwhilemmenmaremworkingmlessmandmrelaxingmmore.mFortymyearsmagomamt ypicalmwomanmspentm40mminutesmmorempermweekmthanmthemtypicalmmanmperformingmanmactivitymco nsideredmunpleasant.mToday,mwithmmenmworkingmless,mthemgapmism90mminutesmandmgrowing.

a. Argument;mconclusion:mTodaym...mthemgapmism90mminutesmandmgrowing.

• Nonargument.

c. Argument;mconclusion:mFortymyearsmagom...manmactivitymconsideredmunpleasant.

d. Argument;mconclusion:mTheremappearsmtombem...mbetweenmmenmandmwomen.

e. Argument;mconclusion:mWomenmtodaymaremworkingmmoremandmrelaxingmle

ss.mANS:mD PTS:m2

• Leadmismtoxic,mbutmdomyoumknowmwhy?mLeadmismtoxicmmainlymbecausemitmpreferentiallymreplacesmother

mmetalsminmbiochemicalmreactions.mInmsomdoingmitminterferesmwithmthemproteinsmthatmregulatembloodmpre ssurem(whichmcanmcausemdevelopmentmdelaysminmchildrenmandmhighmbloodmpressureminmadults),mhememp roductionm(whichmcanmleadmtomanemia),mandmspermmproduction.mLeadmalsomdisplacesmcalciumminmthemre actionsmthatmtransmitmelectricalmimpulsesminmthembrain,mwhichmdiminishesmthemabilitymtomthinkmandmreca llminformation.AnnemMariemHelmstine,m"YourmGuidemtomChemistry"

• Argument;mconclusion:mItminterferesmwithmthemproteinsm...mandmspermmproduction.

b. Argument;mconclusion:mLeadmismtoxic.

• Nonargument.
• Argument;mconclusion:mItmpreferentiallymreplacesmothermmetalsminmbiochemicalmreactions.

e. Argument;mconclusion:mLeadmalsomdisplacesmcalciumm...mrecallminformati

on.mANS:mC PTS:m2

• Aristotlemfocusedmonmclarifyingmthemconceptmofmvirtuemitself.mHemarguedmthatmitmwasmvirtuousmtomchoos

emthempropermamountmofmemotionmand/ormactionmcalledmforminmamparticularmsituationmandmthatmextremesm ofmemotionmandmactionmweremvices.mInmallmcommunitiesmtheremaremsomemmenmofmpracticalmwisdommwh omhavemthemcapacitymtomjudgemwisely.mAristotlemarguedmthatmtheymhavemthemcapacitymtomfollowmthem"rig htmrule"mwhatevermthemsituation.DavidmCooper,mValuemPluralismmandmEthicalmChoice

a. Argument;mconclusion:mInmallmcommunitiesm...mcapacitymtomjudgemwisely.

• Argument;mconclusion:mAristotlemfocusedmonmclarifyingmthemconceptmofmvirtuemitself.

c. Argument;mconclusion:mTheymhavemthemcapacitymtomfollowm...mthemsituation.

d. Argument;mconclusion:mHemarguedmthatmitmwasmvirtuousm...mweremvices

• Nonargument.

ANS:mE PTS:m2

• Illegalmimmigrantsmpaymlocalmsalesmtaxes,mandmmanymofmthemmalsompaymstate,mlocal,mandmfederalmincom

emtaxmandmSocialmSecuritymtax.mTheymalsompurchasemitemsmfrommlocalmmerchants,mincreasingmthemamoun tmthesemmerchantsmpayminmtaxes.mInmaddition,mtheymworkmformlowmsalaries,mwhichmincreasesmthemearning smofmtheirmemployersmandmthemamountmofmtaxesmthesememployersmpay.mThus,mitmismnotmcorrectmtomsaymth atmillegalmimmigrantsmcontributemnothingmtomthemcommunitiesminmwhichmtheymlive. 2 / 4

• Argument;mconclusion:mItmismnotmcorrectmtomsaym...mcommunitiesminmwhichmtheymlive. 3 / 4

b. Argument;mconclusion:mTheymworkmformlowmsalariesm...mthesememployersmpay.

c. Argument;mconclusion:mIllegalmimmigrantsmpaym...mSocialmSecuritymtax.

d. Argument;mconclusion:mTheymalsompurchasemitemsm...mpayminmtaxes.

• Nonargument.

ANS:mA PTS:m2

• Numerousmstudiesmhavemindicatedmthatmwomenmofmcolor,mblackmwomenminmparticular,maremover-

arrested,mover-indicted,mandmover-sentenced.mAfrican- Americanmwomenmaremsevenmtimesmmoremlikelymtombemarrestedmformprostitutionmthanmwomenmofmotherm ethnicmgroups.mBlackmwomenmhavemreceivedmsignificantlymlongermsentencesmformcrimesmagainstmproper tymandmservedmlongermperiodsminmprison.mFormbothmmurdermandmdrugmoffenses,mEuroamericanmwomenme ndedmupmservingmone-thirdmlessmtimemformthemsamemoffensesmthanmblackmwomen.NancymKurshan,m"WomenmandmImprisonmentminmthemU.S."

a. Argument;mconclusion:mAfrican-Americanmwomenm...mothermethnicmgroups.

• Nonargument.

c. Argument;mconclusion:mFormbothmmurdermandmdrugmoffensesm...mblackmwomen.

d. Argument;mconclusion:mNumerousmstudiesmhavemindicatedm...mover-sentenced.

e. Argument;mconclusion:mBlackmwomenmhavemreceivedm...mlongermperiodsminmpris

on.mANS:mB PTS:m2

• It'smevenmmoremimportantmthesemdaysmthatmyourmcomputermbemprotectedmbymamfirewall.mTheremaremcrimi

nalmelementsmlurkingminmthemshadowsmofmcyberspacemwhomsendmoutmprobesmtomdetectmunprotectedmPCs.mOncemamvulnerablemcomputermismfound,mthesemcriminalsminstallmsoftwaremthatmassistsmthemminmcommitt ingmidentitymtheftmandmfencingmstolenmIDs.mTheymalsomdefraudmonlinemadvertisersmbymusingmthesemzom biemcomputersmtomvisitmpay-per-clickmads.

• Argument;mconclusion:mTheremaremcriminalmelementsm...mtomdetectmunprotectedmPCs.

b. Argument;mconclusion:mOncemamvulnerablemcomputerm...mfencingmstolenmIDs.

• Nonargument.

d. Argument;mconclusion:mTheymalsomdefraudm...mtomvisitmpay-per-clickmads.

e. Argument;mconclusion:mIt'smevenmmoremimportantm...mprotectedmbymamfirew

all.mANS:mE PTS:m2

• Themearthmismofminterestmtomastronomymformmanymreasons.mNearlymallmobservationsmmustmbemmademthro

ughmthematmosphere,mandmthemphenomenamofmthemuppermatmospheremandmthemmagnetospheremreflectmthe mstatemofminterplanetarymspace.mThemearthmismalsomthemmostmimportantmobjectmofmcomparisonmformplanetol ogists.HannumKarttunen,metmal.,mFundamentalmAstronomy

a. Argument;mconclusion:mThemphenomenam...mstatemofminterplanetarymspace.

b. Argument;mconclusion:mThemearthmismalsom...mformplanetologists.

c. Argument;mconclusion:mThemearthmismofminterestmtomastronomy.

• Nonargument.

e. Argument;mconclusion:mNearlymallmobservationsm...mthroughmthematmosphe

re.mANS:mC PTS:m2

• Ifmthemtrademinmtigermproductsmismbanned,mtigermreservesmaremguardedmbymwellmequippedmstaff,mcommun

itiesmabuttingmtigermhabitatmaremgivenmamstakeminmprotectingmtigers,mandmthemmakersmofmtraditionalmmedic inesmcanmbempersuadedmthatmtigermpartsmaremnotmneeded,mthenmtigermpoachingmwillmbemhalted,mhabitatman dmlifemsustainingmpreymwillmbemrestored,mandmthemimmanentmextinctionmofmtigersminmthemwildmwillmbemav erted.

• Nonargument.

b. Argument;mconclusion:mThemtrademinmtigermproductsmismbanned.

c. Argument;mconclusion:mTigermpoachingmwillmbemhalted.

• Argument;mconclusion:mThemmakersmofmtraditionalmmedicinesm...mnotmneeded.
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