Test Bank For Concise Introduction to Linguistics 4th Edition By Bruce M Rowe , Diane L Levine 9780133811216 ALL Chapters .linguistics - ANSWER: the scientific discipline concerned with the study of language symbol - ANSWER: relation between signifier and signified arbitrary, agreement of speech community prescriptivism - ANSWER: The view that there is a right and a wrong way to speak a language and that there are certain correct forms that should be used
synchrony - ANSWER: the study of languages at a specific point in time
descriptivism - ANSWER: aims to describe the facts of linguistic usage as they are in practice
diachrony - ANSWER: the study of language change over time
langage - ANSWER: general human capacity of speech
langue - ANSWER: non-individual, social, abstract language system
parole - ANSWER: realization of linguistic system in individual speech
semiotics - ANSWER: the study of how meaning is generated and conveyed by the means of signs
signified - ANSWER: concept
signifier - ANSWER: sound image
signifié - ANSWER: signified, concept
signifiant - ANSWER: signifier, sound image
arbitrariness, conventionality, linearity, reciprocity - ANSWER: the linguistic sign
icon - ANSWER: sign looks like the thing it represents
index - ANSWER: sign indicates something else
conative function - ANSWER: appeal
emotive function - ANSWER: communicate feelings
referential function - ANSWER: context/ information
metalinguistic function - ANSWER: to talk about language
poetic function - ANSWER: aesthetic
phatic function - ANSWER: social interaction
syntagmatic relationship - ANSWER: signs occur in sequence or parallel and operate together to create meaning paradigmatic relationship - ANSWER: an individual sign may be replaced by another Phonetics - ANSWER: study of material aspects of speech and sound 1 / 2
Phonology - ANSWER: study of function of speech sounds as abstract units in a given language system
phone - ANSWER: actual speech sounds speakers produce
phoneme - ANSWER: smallest meaning-distinguishing sound unit in a language system
International Phonetic Alphabet - ANSWER: IPA
consonant - ANSWER: airstream is partially or fully obstructed by some of the articulators
vowel - ANSWER: produced without any obstruction of the airstream
minimal pair - ANSWER: two words that differ in meaning and one sound only
allophone - ANSWER: realisational variants of a phoneme
complementary distribution allophone - ANSWER: depends on phonetic enviroment, e.g. clear l, dark l
free variation allophone - ANSWER: allophone depends on extralinguistic factors
suprasegmental phonology - ANSWER: study of sounds in sentences and how they change; also stress and intonation patterns
syllable - ANSWER: onset and rhyme(neucleus and coda)
morphology - ANSWER: sub-discipline of linguistics concerned with the study of the internal structure of words and the patterns and principles underlying their composition
morpheme - ANSWER: smallest linguistic unit carrying meaning
allomorph - ANSWER: concrete realization of a morpheme
lexeme - ANSWER: smallest distinctive unit of a language's vocabulary
token - ANSWER: words as they would be counted by word-processing software
word-form - ANSWER: grammatical variants of a lexeme
portmanteau morpheme - ANSWER: morpheme that carries several meanings simultaneously blocked morpheme - ANSWER: morpheme that attaches to one specific base only e.g. cran- berry suppletive morpheme - ANSWER: morpheme that is semantically related, was & went zero morpheme - ANSWER: an inflectional or word-formation morpheme lacking phonetic substance e.g. sheep plural
derivation - ANSWER: the process of forming new words by adding affixes
conversion zero derivation - ANSWER: creation of a new lexeme by only changing the word class compounding - ANSWER: process of combing at least two free lexical morphemes, free lex + free lex
endocentric compound - ANSWER: AB is a type of B
exocentric compound - ANSWER: AB is neither A nor B but a type of C
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