Straighterline: Philosophy 101 Final Exam
Study Guide: Questions & Answers
What is Rawls's position on the just distribution of income and wealth in a society?
Unequal unless a more equal distribution would benefit everyone Based on effort, talent, and accomplishments Equal unless an unequal distribution would benefit everyone Always equal (Ans- Equal unless an unequal distribution would benefit everyone
What is not true of John Rawls's original position?
Involves dropping a veil of ignorance Leads to an entitlement view of justice Assumes that people are rational and self-interested A hypothetical, imaginary situation (Ans- Leads to an entitlement view of justice
Held that the working class has been integrated into contemporary capitalist societies because of the efficiency of technology
Marha Nussbaum Herbert Marcuse John Rawls Robert Nozick (Ans- Herbert Marcuse
To James Rachels, saying two things are equally bad
Descriptive Thesis Prescriptive Thesis Equivalence Thesis 1 / 3
Tentative Thesis (Ans- Equivalence Thesis
Why does Robert Nozick believe that any state that goes beyond the minimal state is unjust?
Necessarily involves redistributive taxation that violates persons' natural entitlement rights Fails to achieve communitarian consensus on the good Would not be agreed to by rational, self-interested individuals in a fair initial bargaining situation Nozick is an anarchist libertarian who doesn't think that any state is just (Ans- Necessarily involves redistributive taxation that violates persons' natural entitlement rights
Contemporary moral philosopher known for work in virtue ethics, Greek philosophy, role of emotions in decisions, and international social justice
Robert Nozick John Rawls Herbert Marcuse Martha Nussbaum (Ans- Martha Nussbaum
From behind a veil of ignorance deliberating on principles of justice we would adopt, Rawls calls the
Pure Reason Original Position State of Nature Principle of Utility (Ans- Original Position
Popular philosophy which holds that the only obligation one has is to one's self 2 / 3
Robert Nozick's Libertarianism Ayn Rand's Objectivism J.S. Mill's Liberalism Marxist-Leninism (Ans- Ayn Rand's Objectivism
The attempt to understand the sources and criteria of moral value judgments
Normative Ethics Prima Facie Duties Metaethics Deontological Ethics (Ans- Metaethics
What do moral judgments do, according to the Emotivists?
Guide conduct Express emotion and encourage others to feel the same way Assert facts Create value (Ans- Express emotion and encourage others to feel the same way
To Mary Daly what is going to save traditional religion from its false concepts of God
Liberation theology Atheism Black theology Feminist movement (Ans- Feminist movement
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