SPEX303 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2023-2024
ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS )
|ALREADY GRADED A+
Indirect calorimetry measures energy utilisation through? - ANSWER- Respiratory Gas exchange
What are some limitations to indirect calorimetry? - ANSWER- Dead space in tube, lag of measurements from long tube
Aerobic metabolism used directly how? - ANSWER- Resynthesis of ATP
Aerobic metabolism used indirectly how? - ANSWER- Replete anaerobic sources of ATP (CrP)
What happens to elements of water ingested (doubly labelled water)? In what forms is it excreted? - ANSWER- Hydrogen excreted through urine Oxygen comes out mainly through CO2
Where is most nitrogen excreted from the body? - ANSWER- Urine and sweat
- / 4
During anaerobic metabolism, extra CO2 comes from? - ANSWER- Metabolic acidosis - more H+ produced, keeping pH around 7 (buffer system)
R value representative of Carbohydrates? - ANSWER- 1.0
R value representative of Fats? - ANSWER- 0.71
R value representative of Protein? - ANSWER- 0.8
R value representative of Mixed? - ANSWER- 0.82
R value representative of Alcohol? - ANSWER- 0.67
What does Southland Cycling Study tell you about effects of exercise on body comp? - ANSWER- Exercise can be positive on maintenance of FFM
Effects of Exercise on RMR - ANSWER- Increased (5-15%) with
intensive exercise for 24-48hr: if exercise is repeated w/in 24-48h,
remains elevated Can be as much as 400-800 kJ/day Athletes vs sedentary have as much as 5-20% greater RMR, even after adjusting for FFM Little, if any, long-lasting increase following low intensity exercise 2 / 4
Effects of Training on Total Energy Expenditure - ANSWER- Some cross-sectional studies have shown athletes to be more energy efficient (i.e. lower energy intake/amount expended)
Do endurance trained females adapt to lose less energy? - ANSWER- Some studies show endurance trained much more efficient overall than untrained.Increased efficiency of movement has been shown, but not large effect on TEE, most trained, in training use more E regardless.
What influences fuel selection? - ANSWER- Energy needs (i.e. rate of ATP needed) Amounts stored in muscle, circulation Contraction (Ca++) Hormones, sympathetic NS Enzyme activities Aerobic capacity and blood flow Transporter molecules
Fat Metabolism differences from CHO - ANSWER- Less ATP/sec More O2/ATP Only used aerobically Not maximised immediately Greater storage 3 / 4
Increased w exercise duration Increased w training, at given intensity
CHO Metabolism differences from Fat - ANSWER- More ATP/sec Less O2/ATP Used aerobically and anaerobically Limited glycogen stores Increased w increasing intensity Decreased w training at given intensity
Fat and CHO Metabolism Similarities - ANSWER- Greater capacity with training Break down products can be metabolised in Krebs Cycle Low E state of cell enhances release from storage and oxidation Sympathetic drive and Adren/NorAdren from adrenal glands enhances release from storage (fatty acids & glucose from glycogen)
Describe demands of Anaerobic Glycolysis - ANSWER- As exercise intensity increases, more NADH2 formed than can be oxidised in ETC/oxid phosphorylation . Continued metabolism via glycolysis requires NAD+ reformed and H2 to be accepted by another molecule.Hence, temporary reduction of pyruvic acid to form lactic acid.Reaction increases with increasing energy demands
- / 4