Soc 100 Exam 1 Umich Fall 2021 McGinn Ideology - ANSWER-A set of beliefs, attitudes, and opinions that may or may not be based on scientific evidence.Created by social GROUPS.Critical Thinking - ANSWER-The attempt to step outside our ideologies and make a reflective, logic-based judgment.Taking data points given and finding the whole picture What's the best fit explanation based on the evidence available We try to do this and not just argue on behalf of ideologies that come from families, religions, and parties (political)
Dominant Discourse - ANSWER-EITHER:
The way most people think and speak about a particular issue.
OR The way that the people in power think and speak about a particular issue.The conversation that is getting the most support, or the people in power talking about something Doesn't necessarily need to be true Alternative Discourse - ANSWER-View that is different to the dominant discourse What sociologists are looking for and might be true 1 / 3
To practice sociology - ANSWER-To practice sociology is to think about the world in a particular way . . .And, is to play a meaningful role in the world as it evolves.Individualism - ANSWER-Explains the world only in terms of what goes on inside individuals.Sees social problems as resulting from flaws in individual character.GENEALOGY OF U.S. INDIVIDUALISM - ANSWER-18th Century - Enlightenment 19th Century - -Utilitarian Free Markets (per A. Smith) -Rugged Individual American (Cowboy) -Survival of the Fittest (Natural Sel.) Darwin [Herbert Spencer] -William James - the "reflexive" Self Sociology's core view of reality - ANSWER-We are always participating in something larger than ourselves, and if we want to understand social life and what happens to people, we have to understand what it is that we're participating in and how we participate in it.Durkheim - ANSWER-The study of the group (sociology) is more powerful in understanding human behavior than either biology or psychology.Johnson's view of how society works - ANSWER--We all participate in multiple social systems -A social system is a collection of ROLES in RELATIONSHIP to one another, forming a coherent whole -It's like Monopoly, but not everyone starts off on equal footing (privilege) Johnson believes - ANSWER--That systems exert strong influence over our behavior, but that it is also true we influence the larger systems as we participate in them.-We participate in the system, but as individuals we are not the system.-We receive or are denied privilege by the system even if we don't choose it. 2 / 3
Paths of least resistance - ANSWER-"Going with the flow", creation of expectations - supported methods of reaching expectations. Socially accepted methods of doing things.Influence how one participates in a system.Socialization - ANSWER-The teaching process of the rules that govern how the game is played.Learning the rules of how to play the game OR teaching the rules of how to play the game.Privilege - ANSWER-Commonly used in the context of social inequality, particularly in regard to age, disability, ethnic or racial category, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion and/or social class.Social Structure - ANSWER-The patterned series of interrelationships existing between individuals,
groups, and institutions and forming a coherent whole: social structure.
Culture - ANSWER-the way we "construct" reality within a social system, using ideas and symbols (esp.language) to assign meaning...And it's the way we habitually behave in relationship to the meaning we have constructed.Composed of building blocks High Culture - ANSWER-Creative/artistic products of a group/society that reflect its beliefs, values, norms, and attitudes Art, literature, music, anything that requires some form of specialized knowledge Most likely to be consumed by individuals w/ upper socio-economic class Beliefs - ANSWER-It is what we consider true/false as part of a system
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