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SCI 221 Nightingale College -Final exam SCI 221 Questions with Complete Solutions.
Question 1: To accomplish self-regulation, a highly complex
and integrated communication control system or network is required. This type of network is called a(n)
CORRECT ANSWER : feedback control loop.
Question 2: Local control or _____, intrinsic mechanisms often
make use of chemical signals.
CORRECT ANSWER : autoregulation
Question 3: The impact of effector activity on sensors may be
positive or negative. Therefore, homeostatic control mechanisms are categorized as
CORRECT ANSWER : organs that are directly influenced by
physiological variables or mechanisms.
Question 4: The normal reading or range is called the
CORRECT ANSWER : set point.
Question 5: Events that lead to an immune response to an
infection or the formation of a blood clot are examples of
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CORRECT ANSWER : positive feedback
Question 6: The concept that information may flow ahead to
another process to trigger a change in anticipation of an event that will follow is called
CORRECT ANSWER : feed-forward.
Question 7: Processes for maintaining or restoring homeostasis
are known as
CORRECT ANSWER : homeostatic control mechanisms.
Question 8: Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
CORRECT ANSWER : receptor, control center, effector
Question 9: List the three basic components of a feedback
system.
CORRECT ANSWER : receptor, control center, effector
Question 10: What term describes a signal traveling toward a
particular center or point of reference?
CORRECT ANSWER : afferent
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Question 11: Effectors can be described as
CORRECT ANSWER : organs that directly influence controlled
physiological variables.
Question 12: Many complex processes of the body are
coordinated at many levels. These include
CORRECT ANSWER : intracellular, intrinsic and extrinsic
Question 13: Which level of control operates at the cell level,
often using genes and enzymes to regulate cell function?
CORRECT ANSWER : intracellular regulation
Question 14: The relatively constant state maintained by the
body is known as
CORRECT ANSWER : homeostasis.
Question 15: The body naturally changes some set points to
different values at different times of the day. These daily cycles are called
CORRECT ANSWER : circadian cycles.
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Question 16: Because negative feedback control systems oppose
changes that are opposite in direction to the initial disturbance, they are
CORRECT ANSWER : slowed or maintained in the homeostatic
range.
Question 17: Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least
involved in maintaining homeostasis?
CORRECT ANSWER : Reproductive
Question 18: If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth
operated as a negative-feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions?
CORRECT ANSWER : Oxytocin would inhibit uterine
contractions.
Question 19: Which of the following is not one of the basic
components in a feedback control loop?