RENAL ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
(NURS 5315 MOD 10 EXAM 4)|
UPDATE|GRADED A+
Question : Where are the kidneys located?
Correct answer: -in retroperitoneal space in abdominal cavity
-one on each side of spine
Question : What are the functions of the kidneys?
Correct answer: -excrete metabolic waste
-maintain water balance -regulate acid base balance -regulate blood pressure -secrete erythropoietin to stimulate RBC growth -activate Vit D to absorb calcium in intestines
Question : What may a decrease in erythropoietin due to
kidney disorders cause?
Correct answer: anemia
Question : How does the kidney participate in Vitamin D
activation?
Correct answer: -active form assists with Ca absorption in
intestines -precursor ingested in food -after absorbed it is taken to skin and turned into another precursor by UV light -then transported to kidney and converted to active Vit D (calcitriol).
Question : What may kidney disorders cause regarding
Vitamin D and calcium?
Correct answer: Vit D deficiency
hypocalcemia
Question : What are the responsibilities of Calcitriol?
Correct answer: -responsible for assisting with absorption of
calcium in the intestines -promoting release of calcium from bone (resorption) -decreasing renal calcium excretion
Question : What is the renal capsule?
Correct answer: -outer most portion of kidney
-fibrous tissue
Question : What is the renal fascia?
Correct answer: -fatty layer of tissue
-adheres each kidney to posterior wall of abdomen
Question : What is the renal cortex?
Correct answer: -directly below renal capsule
-extends between medullary pyramids -houses renal corpuscles and proximal and distal tubules of nephron
Question : What is the renal medulla?
Correct answer: -pyramid shaped
-inner darker portion of kidney tissue consisting of renal pyramids
-contains secreting and collecting tubules -gives rise to ureter extending to bladder
Question : What are the renal calyces?
Correct answer: -extend from medulla and merge to form
renal medulla -responsible for collecting urine from medulla
Question : What is the nephron?
Correct answer: -functional unit of kidney
Question : What are the two types of nephrons?
Correct answer: -cortical nephron
-juxtamedullary nephron