Reading 360 Final Exam Review with Complete Solutions
Question : Cognitive-Constructivist View
CORRECT ANSWER : reading is an active process in which
the reader actively searches for meaning in what she reads.
Question : Schema
CORRECT ANSWER : abstract knowledge stored in
memory, richly organized networks of knowledge
Question : the cognitive orientation
CORRECT ANSWER : reading and learning are active
processes
Question : constructivism
CORRECT ANSWER : emphasizes that learning and
reading are active and constructive processes
Question : automaticity
CORRECT ANSWER : decoding quickly, recognize words
and assign meaning; allows readers to decode and comprehend simultaneously
Question : metacognition
CORRECT ANSWER : ability to employ fix-up strategies
when meaning breaks down, active awareness of one's text comprehension
Question : scaffolding
CORRECT ANSWER: guiding students toward proficiency;
a process that enables a child or novice to solve a problem, carry out a task, or achieve a goal, which would be beyond his unassisted efforts
Question : zone of proximal development
CORRECT ANSWER : social nature of learning; the range
of tasks in which a child can achieve if they are assisted by a more knowledgeable or more competent other
Question : Matthew effect
CORRECT ANSWER : rich get richer, the poor get poorer;
reversible, children who read well tend to read more; children who struggle in reading read less
Question : Phonemic Awareness
CORRECT ANSWER : the understanding that words are
composed of sounds that can be manipulated
Question : phoneme
CORRECT ANSWER : smallest sound in a language
Question : alphabetic principle
CORRECT ANSWER : phonemes are represented by letters;
imperfect correspondence btw phonemes and letters
Question : pre-alphabetic
CORRECT ANSWER : visual cues
Question : partial alphabetic
CORRECT ANSWER : initial/final letters
Question : full alphabetic
CORRECT ANSWER : well developed letter-sound (can
decode)
Question : consolidated alphabetic
CORRECT ANSWER : larger units (rimes/chunks)
Question : processes involved in reading words
CORRECT ANSWER : sight word reading, decoding,
analogizing, contextual guessing