QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100

FAU Pathophysiology Exam 2 EXAM

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%

SOLVED (Newest 2025) Raynaud's Phenomenon - Correct Answers ✅A functional Disorder caused by intense vasospasm of the arteries and arterioles in the fingers and less often in the toes.Vasodilation occurs by withdrawal of sympathetic stimulation Cause of Raynaud's Phenomenon - Correct Answers ✅Can be result of cooling of head, neck and trunk Can also be caused by emotional stress, anxiety It is associated with other disease states that cause vasospasm

Can be associated with previous vessel injury like:

frostbite occupational trauma (heavy vibrating tools) collagen diseases neurologic disorders chronic arterial occlusive disorders Exposure to alternating hot and cold temperatures It is often the first symptom of collagen diseases like scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Raynaud's Phenomenon Manifestations - Correct Answers ✅All fingers usually affected symmetrically but can affect only 1-2 digits or only part of a digit 1 / 4

FAU Pathophysiology Exam 2 EXAM

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%

SOLVED (Newest 2025) Ischemia due to vasospasm causes change in skin color Progresses from pallor to cyanosis A sensation of cold Changes in sensory perception (Numbness and Tingling) Followed by period of hyperemia Nails may become brittle Skin over tips of fingers may thicken Nutritional impairment may give rise to arthritis Can cause ulceration and gangrene Raynaud's Phenomenon Treatment - Correct Answers ✅Eliminate factors that cause vasospasm Protect digits from trauma during ischemic episode Abstinence from smoking Avoid vasoconstrictor medications (Decongestants) Use vasodilator drugs to avoid thrombosis and gangrene (calcium channel blockers, alpha adrenergic blocker) Sympathectomy-surgical interruption of sympathetic nerve pathways Atherosclerosis Risk Factors - Correct Answers ✅Hypercholesterolemia Increasing age 2 / 4

FAU Pathophysiology Exam 2 EXAM

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%

SOLVED (Newest 2025) Family history of premature Coronary Heart Disease Male Sex Strong Family History of heart disease/stroke Risk increases for women after menopause (estrogens no longer protectant) Cigarette smoking (Worsens endothelial damage) Obesity Visceral fat Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus *C-Reactive Protein (CRP)*-serum marker for systemic inflammation Serum Homocysteine Serum Lipoprotein Infectious Agents (Chlamydia, herpes, cytomegalovirus) Atherosclerosis Pathophysiology - Correct Answers ✅Formation of fibrofatty lesions in the intimal lining of the large and medium sized arteries Clinical manifestations can take 20-40 years Step 1-Endothelial Cell Injury Step 2-Migration of Inflammatory Cells 3 / 4

FAU Pathophysiology Exam 2 EXAM

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%

SOLVED (Newest 2025) Step 3-Lipid Accumulation and Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Step 4-Plaque Structure (Usually by 3rd decade of life)

• Types of Atherosclerosis Lesions - Correct Answers ✅1.

Fatty Streak (thin, flat, yellow, progressively enlarge by becoming thicker and elevated.-Present in children in 1st year of life -Increase in number throughout life until age 20

• Fibrous Atheromatous Plaque (Gray, pearly white,

accumulation of intracellular and extracellular lipids -Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells -Formation of scar tissue

• Complicated Lesion (contains hemorrhage, ulcerations,

scar tissue deposits) Venous Thrombosis - Correct Answers ✅"Thrombophlebitis" The presence of a thrombus (Clot) in a vein and the accompanying inflammatory response in the vessel wall.

2 TYPES:

• Superficial Venous Thrombosis
• Deep Venous Thrombosis
• / 4