Psych 1X03 Exam / Actual Test Questions with Detailed Verified Answers / Already Graded
A / 2025.
Steps of the Scientific Method - Answer: construct theory, generate hypothesis, choose research method, collect data, analyse data, report findings, revise existing theories Theory - Answer: General set of ideas about the way the world works, guides creation of testable statements
Hypothesis - Answer: specific prediction guided by theories
research method - Answer: appropriate, experiments, collect data about how the world works
anecdotal evidence - Answer: evidence gathered from others or self experience
experiment - Answer: scientific tool to measure effect of one variable on another
independent variable - Answer: manipulated by scientist
dependent variable - Answer: observed by scientist
control group - Answer: does not receive manipulation of independent variable
within subjects design - Answer: tests same subject repeatedly while independent variable manipulated 1 / 3
purpose of within subjects design - Answer: minimizes effect of subject differences
problems of within subjects design - Answer: practice effect, time-consuming
practice effect - Answer: improved performance over the course of an experiment due to becoming more experienced
between subjects design - Answer: different subjects and control groups
problems with between subjects design - Answer: confounding variables
confounding variables - Answer: a variable other than the independent variable that has effect on results of an experiment
population - Answer: general group of people to learn about
sample - Answer: people we are collecting data from
random sample - Answer: choosing a sample at random from the entire population
random assignment - Answer: assigning subjects to either experimental or control group at random placebo effect - Answer: effect that occurs when individual exhibits a response to treatment that has no known therapeutic effects 2 / 3
subject/participant bias - Answer: when subject's actions in an experiment influence results outside of the experimenter manipulations blinding - Answer: when participants do not know what treatment group they are in, helps remove confounding variables
experimenter bias - Answer: researcher influences results
double-blind studies - Answer: experimenter doesn't know who is in experimental and control groups descriptive statistics - Answer: presents information about data at a glance, overall idea of results in an experiment , incl. mean, medium, mode and graphs
mean - Answer: average value, susceptible to outliers
mode - Answer: value that appears most commonly in a data set, can be used for non- numerical data sets but cannot show distribution
media - Answer: centre value of data set, cannot be pulled by outliers
histogram - Answer: type of graph used to report number of times groups of values appear in data sets, x-axis divided into bins and y-axis shows frequency frequency distributions - Answer: graph of a smooth curve that connects the peaks in a histogram normal distribution - Answer: a distribution with a characteristic smooth, symmetrical, bell- shaped curve containing a single peak
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