PSYC357 Forensic Psychology Exam Questions and Answers (Solved Papers) What are the main ideas of Howitt's Preconditions Model of Paedophiles? - Correct Answers ✅Emotional congruence with children (have need to dominate, lack self esteem and psychosocially immature) Social arousal by children (hormonal imbalance, sexually socialised with child porn) Blockages preventing adult contact (lack of social skills, regressive sexual socialisation in childhood and issues relating to adults) Disinhibitions of norms against adult/child sex (senile, alcohol lower inhibitions, incest tolerant subculture)
Q: How does rational choice theory view crime and criminals?
- Correct Answers ✅That people are capable of rational
decision making so criminals commit crime because they want to and freely choose to.
Q: How does critical thinking patterns theory view crime and
criminals? - Correct Answers ✅Criminals have cognitive distortions in the ways they think, primarily owing to entrenched patterns of thinking (belief systems) from early childhood/adolescence. The main cognitive distortions that lead to criminal behaviour centre on increased emphasis of self-centred attitudes, blame externalisation, and entitlement.The criminal commits crime by choice and their own free will.But their decision to do so is influenced by their cognitive distortions. Theory generally rejects sociological and environmental explanations of criminal behaviour. 1 / 4
PSYC357 Forensic Psychology Exam Questions and Answers (Solved Papers)
Q: How does arousal theory view crime and criminals? -
Correct Answers ✅Criminals commit crime because of the thrill it gives them. The level of arousal created by stimulation in the environment is argued to explain the kinds of behaviours people will feel compelled to engage in.
Q: How does strain theory view crime and criminals? -
Correct Answers ✅Crime and criminals are the result of strain caused by structures in society that separate rich from poor. Poverty leads individuals to feel inadequate and financially deprived as they can't afford to attain the dominant mainstream norms and values (i.e., success is measured by a high paying job, a house, a car, etc. poor people can't afford this so they aren't successful - this creates strain which results in them trying to attain those items by criminal means).
Q: How does social control theory view crime and criminals? -
Correct Answers ✅Societal institutions regulate societies behaviour through the creation of social bonds. Laws are obeyed by to maintain social bonds, i.e., attachments to parents, attachment to peers, other social relationships.When social bonds aren't maintained they weaken, leaving little to no constraints on human behaviour. The less constraints there are, the less invested people are in their social bonds and the more likely they are to engage in criminal activity. 2 / 4
PSYC357 Forensic Psychology Exam Questions and Answers (Solved Papers)
Q: What are the two main focus areas in victimology
research? - Correct Answers ✅The victim-offender interface.Measuring the extent of victimisation.
Q: What is the focus of Positivist Victimology? - Correct
Answers ✅Predatory crime and burglary.
Q: What specific aspects of a victim does Positivist
Victimology focus on? - Correct Answers ✅1. The influences on non-random patterns of victimisation (victim proneness; victim lifestyle).
- Interpersonal violence.
- Victim precipitation (victim contribution to their own
victimisation).
Q: What is the focus of Radical Victimology? - Correct
Answers ✅Power and equality among people and social classes.
Q: What is the focus of Critical Victimology? - Correct
Answers ✅The processes of becoming a victim, both in being labelled a victim and being denied that label.
Q: What are the four types of victim behaviour during a
crime? - Correct Answers ✅1. Forceful physical resistance. 3 / 4
PSYC357 Forensic Psychology Exam Questions and Answers (Solved Papers)
- Non-forceful physical resistance.
- Forceful verbal resistance.
- Non-forceful verbal resistance.
Q: PTSD is a common consequence of being a victim. What
are some common symptoms of PTSD? - Correct Answers ✅Intrusive flashbacks.Profound depression.Sleep disturbances.Oversensitivity to noise.Paranoia or fear.
Q: What is the definition of a victim? - Correct Answers
✅Persons, individually or collectively, who've suffered harm, physical or mental, emotionally, economically, or substantial impairment of fundamental rights.
Q: What does revictimisation mean? - Correct Answers
✅When a person is victimised more than once over a period of time.
Q: How does restorative justice help to reduce victimisation
for the victim? - Correct Answers ✅- It focuses on addressing the harm done to the victim.
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