PROPERTY CASUALTY - GRADED A+ Question : A patient in respiratory d...

• | Page

PROPERTY & CASUALTY

QUESTIONS GA EXAM ALREADY

GRADED A+

Question : A patient in respiratory distress and is

breathing 33 breaths per minute. Which ABG value is consistent with the clinical scenario?

PCO2 15

pH 7.30 pH 7.45 O2 sat 100%

Correct answer: A patient who is breathing 33 breaths per

minute is hyperventilating and blowing off CO2; therefore the PCO2 level will be low. The patient will most likely experience a respiratory alkalosis and the two pH values provided are not consistent with this diagnosis.

Question : A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and

is disoriented and lethargic. Which pathological process best explains this patient's symptoms?

• The action potential has become hyperpolarized.

• | Page

• Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them to

swell.

• Water has shifted into the vascular space and

dehydrated the neurons.

• The action potential has become hypopolarized.

Correct answer: b. The cause of neurologic symptoms

associated with a sodium imbalance is directly related to fluid shifting into or out of the neurons of the brain. With a serum sodium of 115 mEq/L, water shifts into the neurons and causes them to swell. Hypernatremia causes water to shift out of the cell into the intravascular space and causes the neurons to become dehydrated. An alteration in the action potential is not seen with sodium imbalances.

Question : A patient experiencing dehydration should be

monitored for which electrolyte imbalance?

• Hyperkalemia
• Hypocalcemia
• Hypercalcemia
• Hyponatermia

• | Page

Correct answer: a. Serum osmolality is increased during

times of dehydration. An elevated serum osmolality will pull potassium into the intravascular space from the intracellular space and cause a rise in serum potassium.

Question : A married couple presents to your office for

genetic counseling. The husband has an autosomal recessive disease and his wife has a heterozygous genotype for the disease. They ask you, What is the chance that our baby will have the disease? Which of the following answers is correct?25% 50% 75% 100%

Correct answer: A chromosome is a package of material

located inside the cell nucleus which is made of proteins and a single molecule of DNA. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in each human cell for a total of 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are separated into two identical sets during mitosis or meiosis. This provides a set of chromosomes to each daughter cell which results

• | Page

from cell division. This process is responsible for the transfer of genetic information to the daughter cells. The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are known as autosomes.The 23rd pair of chromosomes is the pair which contains the genetic information for gender. This pair contains the genetic information which delineates between the male and female genders. Females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have an XY chromosome pair.Autosomal chromosomes are said to be autologous. This means they do not carry genetic information pertaining to gender. Autosomal genetic diseases are carried on the first 22 pairs of chromosomes. Sex-linked diseases are only carried on the 23rd pair of chromosomes. The autosomal chromosomes are nearly identical to one another and are considered homologous to one another.Each autosomal chromosome in a pair carries identical genes. These two genes are known as alleles. The alleles occupy the same site on each partner of the chromosome pair and code for the same genetic trait or physiologic function. Alleles can be dominant or recessive. One allele may be dominant and the other recessive, or they both may be dominant or both recessive. The dominant alleles' genetic code will always manifest in the individual's phenotype. The information in the recessive allele is