Probiotics Exam 2 Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025) nonspecific immune response - Correct Answers ✅aka innate and natural immunity first line of defense resistance to any microbe or foreign material lacks memory specific immune response - Correct Answers ✅aka acquired, adaptive, and specific immunity resistance to particular foreign agent has memory so can react quicker in future effectiveness increases on repeated exposure to agent antigens - Correct Answers ✅recognized as foreign invoke immune responses presence of antigen in body results in B cell activation-- >production of antibodies -antibodies bind to specific antigens, inactivating or eliminating them -other immune cells also activated aka antibody generators hematopoeisis - Correct Answers ✅development of white blood cells in bone marrow of mammals 1 / 4
Probiotics Exam 2 Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025) -WBC mature before leaving marrow (macrophages and dendritic cells become part of innate and respond to all antigens) -WBC not fully functional after leaving bone marrow, become part of adaptive immune response (B&T cells and could differentiate in response to specific antigens) leukocytes - Correct Answers ✅wbcs involved in both specific and non all arise from pluripotent stem cells neutrophils - Correct Answers ✅stain at a neutral pH highly phagocytic circulate in blood then migrate to sites of tissue damage kill ingested microbes with lytic enzymes and reactive oxygen metabolites contained in primary and secondary granules monocytes - Correct Answers ✅highly phagocytic cells are mononuclear phagocytic leukocytes after circulating for 8 hours mature in macrophages macrophages - Correct Answers ✅reside in specific tissues have a variety of surface receptors 2 / 4
Probiotics Exam 2 Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025) named according to tissue in which they reside dendritic cells - Correct Answers ✅present in small numbers in blood, skin, and mucous membranes of nose, lungs, and intestines contact, phagocytose and process antigens --> display foreign antigens on their surfaces (antigen presentation) lymphocytes - Correct Answers ✅-major cells of the immune system -major populations include T cells, B cells, and null cells (which include natural killer or NK cells) -B and T lymphocytes differentiate in bone marrow from stem cells -are blocked from exiting G0 cell cycle phase until they are activated by binding of specific antigen onto lymphocyte surface receptors -after activation replication continues as lymphocytes circulate and enter lymphoid tissue -memory cells are activated lymphocytes that do not immediately replicate, but will do so later in host's life when antigen is again present B cells - Correct Answers ✅B lymphocytes 3 / 4
Probiotics Exam 2 Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025) -mature in bone marrow -circulate in blood -can settle in lymphoid organs -after maturation and activation are called plasma cells and produce antibodies T cells - Correct Answers ✅T lymphocytes -mature in thymus -can remain in thymus, circulate in blood, or reside in lymphoid tissue -like B cells, require antigen binding to surface receptors for activation and continuation of replication -cytokines, chemicals that have effects on other cells, are produced and secreted by activated T cells Natural Killer Cells - Correct Answers ✅-small population of large non-phagocytic granular lymphocytes, (kill malignant cells and cells infected with pathogens) -two ways of recognizing target cells
- bind to antibodies which coat infected or malignant cells
- recognize and kill cells that have lost their class I major
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(antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity ADCC)
histocompatability antigen due to presence of virus or cancer