Probiotics Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) What are the 3 traditional roles of LAB? - Correct Answers ✅Food preservation, starter cultures, probiotics What are the 3 major types of fermentations of LAB used? - Correct Answers ✅Lactic, propionic, ethanolic fermentations The majority of fermented milk products rely on which 4 genera of LAB? - Correct Answers ✅Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus What are the 3 major categories of fermented milk products?
- Correct Answers ✅Mesophilic, thermophilic, and
probiotics Which species and products are associated with mesophilic fermented milk products? - Correct Answers ✅Lactobacillus and lactococcus Buttermilk and sour cream Which species and products are associated with thermophilic fermented milk products? - Correct Answers ✅Lactobacillus and streptococcus Yogurt 1 / 4
Probiotics Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) Which species are associated with probiotic fermented milk products? - Correct Answers ✅Lactobacillus and bifidobacterium What LAB product consists of mono- or oligosaccharide subunits connected by varying glycosidic linkages? - Correct Answers ✅Exopolysaccharides What are the two types of exopolysaccharides? - Correct Answers ✅• capsular polysaccharides (CPS), tightly associated with the cell surface • Slime EPS, loosely attached to the outer cell structures or secreted into the environment Why are exopolysaccharide-producing starters economically important and what properties do they improve? - Correct Answers ✅Modify physiochemical characteristics -Sensory and structural properties What 3 things are exopolysaccharide-producing starters used for in the yogurt industry? - Correct Answers ✅Texturing agent • Water retention (prevent syneresis, serum separation) • Confers thickness 2 / 4
Probiotics Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) What are exopolysaccharide-producing starters used for in the cheese industry? - Correct Answers ✅Improve moisture in low-fat cheeses What are the steps/components involved in cheese production? - Correct Answers ✅1) Milk -LAB and rennin 2) Curd -Removal of whey -Ripening by microbial action 3) Cheese What influence do ripening cultures have on food? - Correct Answers ✅Sensory properties including flavor development What is generated as a result of the complex proteolytic system associated with ripening cultures? - Correct Answers ✅Small peptides and amino acids (FAA) What 4 things are metabolized during the complex proteolyic system associated with ripening cultures? - Correct Answers ✅Fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, volatile sulfur compounds 3 / 4
Probiotics Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) What kind of metabolism plays an important role in many dairy processes? - Correct Answers ✅Citrate metabolism What is produced due to the co-metabolism of citrate and lactose? - Correct Answers ✅Diacetyl and carbon dioxide What is essential for the flavor of butter, fresh cheese and buttermilk? - Correct Answers ✅Diacetyl What is responsible for cavity formation in certain types of cheese? - Correct Answers ✅Carbon dioxide What is sausage batter inoculated with? - Correct Answers ✅A starter culture composed of selected LAB Why is sausage batter inoculated with a starter culture? - Correct Answers ✅To improve the quality and safety of the final product and standardizes the production process What 4 microorganisms are primarily involved in sausage fermentation? - Correct Answers ✅LAB, Gram-positive catalase-positive cocci (GCC), moulds, and yeasts Which 2 species generally dominate the sausage fermentation process? - Correct Answers ✅Lactobacillus sakei and/or Lactobacillus curvatus
- / 4