PPA Module 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) Spinal cord - Correct Answers ✅Carries data to and from the CNS Medulla - Correct Answers ✅Controls respiration and BP Pons - Correct Answers ✅conveys motor data between cortex, CBL Midbrain - Correct Answers ✅Midlevel process sensory and motor data Cerebellum (CBL) - Correct Answers ✅motor coordination and skills Thalamus - Correct Answers ✅Processes information, integrating data reaching the cerebral cortex from PNS/CNS Hypothalamus - Correct Answers ✅Regulates autonomic, endocrine, and visceral functions Corpus callosum - Correct Answers ✅allows hemispheric communication Cerebral Hemispheres consist of - Correct Answers ✅Limbic system (memory and emotions) 1 / 4
PPA Module 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) Basal Ganglia (regulation of movement) Cortex (Visceral, Motor, Parietal, Temporal (language and emotion) and frontal) General points about sensation and sensory systems - Correct Answers ✅Our senses do not reflect the real world, only the biologically useful information.Perception reflects these limits and can be flawed.When physical energy reaches sense organs it must be converted to a from that can be processed in the brain.Reception - Correct Answers ✅Rapid absorption of physical energy Transduction - Correct Answers ✅Received energy converted into neuronal activity by producing a generator potential (similar to an EPSP) that can trigger an action potential Coding - Correct Answers ✅Sensory data converted to unique representation of environmental stimulus
Problem: Neuronal action potentials are the same (~80
across the system) 2 / 4
PPA Module 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) Chronic pain is - Correct Answers ✅a massive economic
problem: More than two million US citizens are incapacitated
by pain each day.50 million affected a year.Costs U.S. $635 billion/yr.Variability of human pain suggests neural mechanisms both modulate transmission and emotional reaction to pain Nociception - Correct Answers ✅Refers to reception of signals in the CNS evoked by the activation of specialized sensory receptors that provide information about tissue damage Nociceptors - Correct Answers ✅specialized sensory receptors • Found on peripheral ending of primary sensory neurons in peripheral tissues • Least differentiated of sensory receptors; exist as free nerve endings antinociception - Correct Answers ✅Preventing the action of nociceptors Pain - Correct Answers ✅Refers to the perception of an aversive or unpleasant sensation that originates from a specific region of the body 3 / 4
PPA Module 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) It is highly subjective analgesia - Correct Answers ✅Preventing pain allodynia - Correct Answers ✅Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain Nociception includes - Correct Answers ✅Transduction and Reception thermal or mechanical nociceptors/ A delta afferent fibers - Correct Answers ✅-finely myelinated and small diameter (~20m/s) -A-delta fibers -mechanical stimuli can be a sharp, pricking pain Polymodal/ C fibers - Correct Answers ✅-Small diameter -Umyelinated -slow (1m/s)
» Activated by variety of stimuli: high-intensity mechanical,
chemical, temperature » Transduction mechanism unique for each stimulus; thresholds individually malleable
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