PPA Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) The first neurotransmitter identified, proving signaling could be chemical The only small molecule neurotransmitter not an amino acid or synthesized from one Major NT at neuromuscular junctions and ANS, acts as CNS NT and neuromodulator - Correct Answers ✅Acetylcholine (ACh) What are two key cholinergic agonists - Correct Answers ✅Nicotine - toxic stimulant Muscarine - convulsant Acetylcholine Synthesis - Correct Answers ✅Acetylation of choline at the -OH catalyzed by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) consumes Acetyl Coenzyme A Availability of choline is the limit on rate Choline is obtained primarily from diet and used in cell membrane synthesis 1 / 3
PPA Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) N+ charge prevents passage Choline taken up into cell by Na+ cotransport via choline transporter (CHT1) How is Presynaptic ACh stored? - Correct Answers ✅Vesicular Acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) Ion Co-transport is used to exchange pumped H+ for acetylcholine True or False?Charged acetylcholine is able to re-enter the cell and can be transported - Correct Answers ✅False *Acetylcholine signaling is terminated by metabolism in the synaptic cleft Acetylcholine Metabolism - Correct Answers ✅Acetylcholinesterase converts ACh into choline and acetate Acetylcholinesterase is abundant in synaptic cleft and works extremely fast 2 / 3
PPA Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) A number of neurotoxins and pesticides inhibit AChE, causing paralysis and heart failure ACh gated ion channel Excitatory Increase in Na+ influx Increase in K+ efflux Some Ca2+ influx Depolarizes very fast Nicotine is an agonist Composed of 5 subunits forming pentameric channel with pores - Correct Answers ✅Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Excitatory
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