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PN 4003 Midterm Exam includes accurate and verified questions covering advanced concepts in practical nursing, including health assessment, chronic illness management, pharmacology, patient-centered care, and nursing interventions across diverse populations. Designed to evaluate core clinical knowledge and critical thinking in preparation for advanced practice in the PN program.
what is a common method used to promote lymphatic drainage and prevent edema in lymphedema - ANSWER-elevate the affected part of the body
a large amount of edema post mastectomy is due to - ANSWER- an accumulation of lymphatic fluid that results from impaired lymph circulation
a patient with hypovolemic anemia may experience - ANSWER- postural hypotension
coagulopathies - ANSWER-bleeding disorders that involve platelets or clotting factors
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an early sign of impeding heart failure - ANSWER-the presence of an S3 sound
atherosclerosis will result in - ANSWER-fatty deposits in the lumen of the arteries
it is appropriate to treat atrial fibrillation with a pacemaker - ANSWER-false
what is blood pressure - ANSWER-the force produced by the volume of blood inaiterial walls
normal PH of blood - ANSWER-7.35-7.45
PH greater than 7 - ANSWER-base (alkaline)
PH less than 7 - ANSWER-Acid
an appreciable decrease in respirations may in time produce - ANSWER-acidosis
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an excessive increase in respirations may in time produce - ANSWER-alkalosis
What is respiratory acidosis? - ANSWER-carbonic acid (H2CO3) excess
What is respiratory alkalosis? - ANSWER-carbonic acid (H2CO3) deficit
What is metabolic acidosis? - ANSWER-bicarbonate (NaHCO3) deficit
What is metabolic alkalosis? - ANSWER-bicarbonate (NaHCO3) excess
metabolic disturbances affect what in the blood? - ANSWER- bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
respiratory disturbances affect what in the blood? - ANSWER- carbonic acid (H2CO3)
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fluid imbalances: dehydration - ANSWER-loss of body fluids =
increased concentration of solutes in blood & rise in serum Na+ fluid shifts out of cells & into blood to restore balance, causing cells to shrink & not function properly
fluid imbalances: hypovolemia - ANSWER-Excessive fluid loss
(hemorrhage) can progress to hypovolemic shock isotonic fluid loss from extracellular space (third space fluid shifting)
fluid imbalances: hypervolemia - ANSWER-Excess fluid in
extracellular as a result of fluid or sodium retention, excessive intake, or renal failure occurs when comp mechanisms fail to restore fluid balance leads to CHF & pulmonary edema
fluid imbalances: water intoxication - ANSWER-hypotonic
extracellular fluid shifts into cells to attempt to restore balance cells swell
normal carbonic acid (PaCo2) range - ANSWER-45-35
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