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PN 2003 PRACTICE FINAL EXAM(ACTUAL
)QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Question 1: What are characteristics of vascular?
CORRECT ANSWER : Vascular Dementia is caused by small
cerebral infarctions. Brain damage may be local or systemic, the onset is more rapid, and the disease progresses more predictably. Onset of cognitive deficits associated with stroke - abrupt onset of signs and symptoms - infarctions are seen on cerebral imaging. Caused by damage to the brain from small infarctions, caused by circulatory problems with insufficient blood flow and oxygen reaching the brain. Risk factors include - smoking - vasoconstriction constricts the flow of blood to the brain - hypertension - hyperlipidemia - atherosclerosis causes narrowed blood flow to brain - inactivity - history of stroke or cardiovascular disease
Question 2: What is dementia?
CORRECT ANSWER : Dementia is an irreversible, progressive
impairment in cognitive function, affecting - memory - orientation - judgement - reasoning - attention span - language and problem-solving skills
Question 3: What is front temporal dementia?
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CORRECT ANSWER : Frontal Temporal Dementia is
characterized by neuronal atrophy affecting the frontal lobes of the brain rather than neurofibrillary tangles and plaques as seen in Alzheimer's - shrinking of the frontal lobes of the brain.
Language Abnormalities - logorrhea: unfocused speech -
echolalia: spontaneous repetition of words/phrases - palilalia: compulsive repetition of phrases. Behavioral Changes - either withdrawn or disinhibited. Pick's disease (most common) - subtype of frontal temporal dementia - pick bodies (silver staining intracytoplasmic inclusions in neocortex and hippocampus)
Question 4: What is delirium and characteristics?
CORRECT ANSWER : Delirium is a reversible alteration in
cognition caused by acute conditions. Early signs: disturbed
sleep - wake cycles, restlessness, and sleep disturbances - acute onset (rapid) - acute illness - usually reversible - disorientation early - fluctuation - clouded (drowsy) - altered level of consciousness - hypervigilance - mild drowsiness - semi comatose status - short attention span - hallucinations - psychomotor - agitation - worsened memory - meaningless chatter - poor judgment - auditory and visual impairment - immobility - dehydration
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Question 5: What is postural hypotension?
CORRECT ANSWER : Orthostatic hypotension: sudden drop in blood pressure from sitting to standing or standing to sitting
Question 6: What is hypertension?
CORRECT ANSWER : Hypertension is a lanthatic or silent
disease. Frequently asymptomatic until it becomes severe and target-organ disease has occurred
Question 7: What is the normal hypertension?
CORRECT ANSWER : Hypertension is high blood pressure
140/90
Question 8: What are the signs and symptoms of hypertension?
CORRECT ANSWER : - Reduced Activity Tolerance -
Dizziness - Palpitations - Angina: chest pain - Dyspnea:
difficulty breathing - Epistaxis: hemorrhage of the nostril - slow
tremor - dizziness - syncope - restlessness - elevated blood urea
- drowsiness
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Question 9: What is the normal hypertension treatment?
CORRECT ANSWER : - Antihypertensives: discouraged in older adults due to risk for sudden drop in blood pressure - Thiazide Diuretics - decrease sodium intake - weight reduction - stress management - smoking cessation - limit alcohol consumption
Question 10: What is a venous thrombosis?
CORRECT ANSWER : Thrombus formation causes an
obstruction of venous blood flow
Question 11: What are signs and symptoms of venous
thrombosis?
CORRECT ANSWER : - edema - pain - redness / erythema -
warmth
Question 12: What is the normal treatment of venous
thrombosis?
CORRECT ANSWER : - compression stockings - R.O.M - r.i.c.e
- analgesic - anticoagulants (heparin) or (coumadin)