PHIL 201 - Quiz 2 2025-2026 Most Recent Version Comprehensive 100 Questions and Verified Answers Accurate Solutions Already Graded A+ Get it 100% correct
Ad Hoc - CORRECT ANSWER: Explanation that is created for the situation at hand,
would not generally apply but is necessary for this particular situation. Uses creativity and imagination to arrive at an explanation beyond what evidence provides.
Ad Hominem - CORRECT ANSWER: The arguer attacks the opponent instead of the
issue. "Against the man"
Ad Populum - CORRECT ANSWER: If a position is popular, then that constitutes
positive evidence that it must be right. "Appeal to the people", bandwagon appeal.
Alternant - CORRECT ANSWER: An alternative option in the disjunctive syllogism.
Ambiguity - CORRECT ANSWER: lack of clarity or uncertainty in meaning
Amphiboly - CORRECT ANSWER: Result of ambiguous grammatical construction or
poor sentence structure that introduces a lack of clarity in the sentence. (he/his)
Analogy - CORRECT ANSWER: One observes relevantly similar particulars, and
attempts to arrive at a probable conclusion (comparing two cars in gas mileage, probable that they get similar gas mileage b/c parts, not just body color)
Antecedent - CORRECT ANSWER: a thing or event that existed before or logically
precedes another, usually the "if" part of the statement in a hypothetical syllogism.
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Argument - CORRECT ANSWER: A group of propositions, some of which are reasons
(premises) trying to prove one of the other propositions (conclusion).
Begging the Question - CORRECT ANSWER: The main question or premise under
debate is never addressed. Arguer presumes the issue is settled or does not need to be addressed and arrives at a conclusion without presenting the premise or allowing others to examine it. May occur when the conclusion merely restates the premise.
Bifurcation - CORRECT ANSWER: False dilemma or fallacy of extremism. Occurs when we are presented with two possible options, usually extremes, when other options are possible. Presumes the two options are the only ones and does not allow the consideration of other possibilities. Uses terms like "never" and "always".
Categorical Proposition - CORRECT ANSWER: a statement that affirms or denies a
relationship between two categories or classes: Subject and predicate, (all LU students are attractive, all attractive persons are smart, therefore, all LU students are smart)
Categorical Syllogism - CORRECT ANSWER: two categorical propositions as the
premises and one categorical proposition as the conclusion.
Causal Argument - CORRECT ANSWER: Found in social, medical, historical, and
physical sciences. Common, but complicated.
Causal Inference - CORRECT ANSWER: Observing an effect and attempting to reason
back to its cause. Form a hypothesis and test it, removing alternatives until a cause is found. (Scientific method or hypothetical reasoning).
Cliche - CORRECT ANSWER: a worn-out idea or overused expression
Cogent - CORRECT ANSWER: (Inductive Argument) Argument is strong and the
premises are true.
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