Pharmacology-- NU 578--Unit 1--#1 Latest Update 2025-2026 Actual 140 Exam Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers with Guaranteed A+ Verified by Professor
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER: The movement of a drug from its site of
administration into the blood
Absorption amount - CORRECT ANSWER: Helps determine how intense effects of the
drug will be.
Absorption in Elderly - CORRECT ANSWER: May be reduced d/t ↓ ph, delayed mobility and emptying
Absorption Rate - CORRECT ANSWER: Determines how soon effects of the drug will
begin
Accelerated Approval - CORRECT ANSWER: In 1992 the FDA regulations were
changed to permit accelerated approval of drugs for AIDS and Cancer. Under these guidelines, a drug could be approved for marketing prior to completion of Phase III trials, provided rigorous Phase IV trials were performed.
Acetylcholine - CORRECT ANSWER: One of the many neurotransmitters in the
autonomic nervous system. It acts on both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system, and it is the only neurotransmitter used in the motor division of the somatic nervous system. It is the principal neurotransmitter in the autonomic ganglia.
Acetylcholinesterase - CORRECT ANSWER: An enzyme that converts acetylcholine
into the inactive metabolites choline and acetate. It is abundant in the synaptic cleft and its role in rapidly clearing free acetylcholine from the synapse is essential for proper muscle function. 1 / 3
Acid - CORRECT ANSWER: A compound that can give up a hydrogen ion (proton)
which makes it a proton donor in a reaction. Tend to ionize in basic (alkaline) media.
Activation - CORRECT ANSWER: Effect on the receptor function equivalent to that
produced by the natural neurotransmitter at a particular synapse
Active tubular secretion - CORRECT ANSWER: Active transport systems in the kidney tubules pump drugs from the blood to the tubular urine.
Adolescents - CORRECT ANSWER: 12-16 years
ADR in Elderly - CORRECT ANSWER: 7 times more common than younger adults
Adverse Drug Reaction(ADR) - CORRECT ANSWER: Any noxious, unintended, and
undesired effect that occurs at normal drug doses.
Affinity - CORRECT ANSWER: The strength of the attraction between a drug and its receptor.
Agonists - CORRECT ANSWER: Molecules that activate receptors
Albumin - CORRECT ANSWER: The most important protein for drugs to bind to since it is too large to leave the bloodstream. Only unbound drug molecules can leave the vascular system. Binding to proteins is reversible, and drugs can compete for the limited binding sites available and the
Allergic Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER: Is an immune response. For an allergic
reaction to occur, there must be prior sensitization of the immune system.
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Analysis Phase - CORRECT ANSWER: Analyze the data collected and form Nursing
Dx--Judge the appropriateness of the prescribed regimen--Identify potential health problems that the drug might cause--Determine the patient's capacity for self-care.
Antagonists - CORRECT ANSWER: Produce their effects by preventing receptor
activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and drugs.
Approximate Childs dose - CORRECT ANSWER: BSA of child x adult dose divided by
1.73m2
Assessment Phase - CORRECT ANSWER: Collecting data about the patient--Collection of baseline data needed to evaluate therapeutic responses-- Collection of baseline data needed to evaluate adverse effects--Identification of high-risk patients--Assessment of the patient's capacity for self-care
Axon conduction - CORRECT ANSWER: conducting an action potential down the axon
of the neuron
Base - CORRECT ANSWER: Compound that can take on a hydrogen ion which makes
it a proton acceptor in a reaction. Tend to ionize in acidic media
Beers list - CORRECT ANSWER: Drugs with high likelihood of causing adverse effects in elderly
Bioavailability - CORRECT ANSWER: Refers to the ability of a drug to reach the
systemic circulation from its site of administration
Biotransfer - CORRECT ANSWER: Toxification -> detoxification
Black box Warning - CORRECT ANSWER: The strongest safety warning a drug can
carry and still remain on the market. Text for the warning is presented inside a box with
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