8th Edition Ormrod,CHAPTER 1 - 15 TEST BANK for Human Learning
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CHAPTER611
PERSPECTIVES 61ON61LEARNING
Multiple61Choice61Questions
Human61beings61undoubtedly61learn61more61during61the61course61of61a61lifeti me61than61any61other61species61on61earth.61The61major61result61of61this61capac
ity61to61learn61is61that:
New61instincts61begin61to61emerge.Human61thought61becomes61less61logical61with61each61generat ion.61Humans61can61benefit61from61their61experiences.Humans61are61the61only61species61whoseSbehavior61cannot61be61analyze d61in61terms61of61stimuli61and61responses.
Three61of61the61following61are61examples61of61learning.61Which61one61is61not?Abigail61cries61when61she61steps61on61a61sharp61pebble.After61many61hours61of61heated61debate,61Brian61begins61to61a dvocate61political61practices61he61has61previously61opposed.Cara61suddenly61recognizes61how61the61division61fact61―2461’61461=616‖ 61is61related61to61the61multiplication61factS―661x61461=6124.‖ David61has61been61running61away61from61German61shepherds61ever61sin ce61he61was61bitten61by61a61German61shepherd61two61years61ago.
Reynelda61has61troubleStracing61a61complex61shape61with61a61pencil61when 61she61is61in61kindergarten,61but61sheScan61do61it61quite61well61by61the61time61sh e61is61in61second61grade.61Ist61his61an61instance61of61learning?Yes,61because61her61behavior61has61changed.No,61because61the61circumstances61are61too61dissimilar.Maybe,61although61the61change61may61simply61be61due61to61ph ysiological61maturation.Maybe,61but61only61if61she61is61being61reinforced61for61tracing61accurately. 2 / 4
ChapterS161– SPerspectives61on61Learning 3
Three61of61the61following61illustrate61various61ways61that61learning61might61 be61reflecte61d61in61a61person‘s61behavior.61Which61oneSof61the61following61chang es61does61not61necessaril61y61reflect61learning?Although61it‘s61a61school61night,61Dean61plays61video61games61until61we ll61past61his61usual61bedtime.61As61he61becomes61more61tired,61he61finds 61it61increasingly61diffic61ult61to61concentrate61on61what61he‘s61doing.Even61as61a61young61child,61Jerry61could61tell61you61that61his61gra ndparents61i61mmigrated61to61the61United61States61from61Ireland.6 1But61after61a61conversa61tion61with61his61grandmother,61he61can6 1now61describeSthe61circumstance61s61of61the61family‘s61immigra tion61in61considerable61detail.Day61after61day,61Martin61practices61his61basketball61skills61(shooting,dr ibbling,61etc.)61on61a61basketball61court61at61a61local61park.61With61each 61practice61session,61hi61s61movements61become61faster61and61smoother.Lewis61occasionally61asks61for61help61when61he61has61difficulty61with61his 61classw61ork,61but61most61of61theStime61he61just61struggles61quietly61on61 his61own.61After61his61teacher61assures61him61that61askingSfor61help61is61n ot61a61sign61of61weakness61or61ina61bility,61he61begins61asking61for61help6 1much61more61frequently.
research61examines61learning61in61tightly61controlled61settings61and research61examines61learning61in61real-world61settings.Applied;61Basic61Ba si61c;61Qualitative61 Qualit61ative;61Appl iedBasic;61Applied
A61principle61of61learning61can61best61be61characterized61as:
A61description61of61the61results61of61a61particular61research61study A61statement61that61describes61how61a61particular61factor61affects61learning The61measurement61of61how61much61learning61has61occurred61 in61ap61articular61situation An61explanation61of61the61underlying61processes61through61which61learning61occurs
A61theory61of61learning61can61best61be61characterized61as:
A61description61of61the61results61of61a61particular61research61study A61statement61that61describes61how61a61particular61factor61affects61learning The61measurement61of61how61much61learning61has61occurred61 in61ap61articular61situation An61explanation61of61the61underlying61processes61through61which61learning61occurs 3 / 4
ChapterS161– SPerspectives61on61Learning 4
Three61of61the61following61are61principles61of61learning.61Which61one61is61a61theory of61learning61rather61than61a61principle?A61behavior61that61is61followedSby61punishment61decreases61in61frequency.People61learn61by61making61mental61associations61between61new61infor mation61and61their61existing61knowledge.A61response61that61is61rewarded61every61time61it61occurs61increases61 more61rapidly61than61a61response61that61is61only61occasionally61re warded.Students61tend61to61remember61more61of61a61lecture61if61they61takeSn otes61onth61e61lecture‘s61content.
Which61one61of61the61followingScommon61sayings61best61reflects61theSc oncept61of61introspection?―Where61there‘s61a61will,61there‘s61a61way.‖ ―NothingSventured,61nothing61gained.‖ ―A61penny61for61your61thoughts.‖ ―Old61habits61die61hard.‖
Which61one61of61the61following61common61sayings61best61reflects61t heSbasic61premise61underlying61social61learning61theory?―Monkey61see,61monkey61do.‖ ―Spare61the61rod61and61spoil61the61child.‖ ―A61friend61in61need61is61a61friend61indeed.‖ ―A61rolling61stone61gathers61no61moss.‖
Which61one61of61the61following61statements61provides61the61most61credibl e61explan61ation61for61the61fact61thatShuman61beings61seem61to61surpass61all6 1other61animalspecies61in61their61thinking61and61learning61capacities?Only61human61beings61have61the61capability61to61make61tools.Humans61communicate61regularly61with61one61another61and,61in61do ing61so,61pass61along61what61they‘ve61learned61to61future61generati ons.Human61beings61have61a61huge61repertoire61of61instinctual61behaviors61f rom61which61they61can61draw61when61they61encounter61new61experien ces.Human61brains61are61smaller61than61those61of61other61intelligent61specie s61(e.g.,61e61lephants,61dolphins)61and61therefore61can61transmit61messa ges61more61quicklya61nd61efficiently.
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