Pediatric Nursing exam 1 practice questions and Verified Correct Answers Latest Update 2023-2024 Guaranteed A+
- A 16-year-old girl comes to the pediatric clinic for information on birth control. The
- Herself
- Her mother
- Court order
- Legal guardian - Correct Answer: CORRECT ANSWER: A
nurse knows that before this young woman can be examined, consent must be obtained from which source?
Contraceptive advice is one of the conditions that is considered "medically emancipated." The adolescent is able to provide her own informed consent.
A 1-month-old infant is admitted to the hospital. The infant's mother is 17 years old and single and lives with her parents. Who signs the informed consent for the 1-month-old infant?
- The infant's mother
- The maternal grandparents of the infant
- The paternal grandparents of the infant
- Both the infant's mother and the maternal grandparents - Correct Answer: CORRECT
ANSWER: A
An emancipated minor is one who is legally under the age of majority but is recognized as having the legal capacity of an adult under circumstances prescribed by state law, such as pregnancy, marriage, high school graduation, independent living, or military service.
A 2-year-old child has to receive Rocephin IM injections every 12 hours. What nursing intervention should be implemented for the child?
- Hold the child while rocking in a chair after each injection.
- Prepare the child several hours before the injection is given.
- Allow the child to watch a younger child receive an injection.
- Encourage the child to draw a picture of the pain experienced when an injection is
given. - Correct Answer: CORRECT ANSWER: A After the procedure, the child continues to need reassurance that he or she performed well and is accepted and loved. The other options are not appropriate for a toddler.
A 2-year-old child is being admitted to the hospital for possible bacterial meningitis.When preparing for a lumbar puncture, what should the nurse do?
- Set up a tray with equipment the same size as for adults.
- Apply EMLA to the puncture site 15 minutes before the procedure.
- Prepare the child for conscious sedation being used for the procedure.
- Reassure the parents that the test is simple, painless, and risk free. - Correct Answer:
CORRECT ANSWER: C
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Because of the urgency of the child's condition, conscious sedation should be used for the procedure. Pediatric spinal trays have smaller needles than do adult trays. EMLA should be applied approximately 60 minutes before the procedure; the emergency nature of the spinal tap precludes its use. A spinal tap is not a simple procedure and does have associated risks; analgesia will be given for the pain.
A 3-year-old child with a tracheostomy will soon be discharged. What recommendation should the nurse share with the family?
- Tub baths cannot be given.
- The child cannot be allowed to play outdoors.
- Avoid exposure to noxious fumes such as paint or varnish.
- Cover the tracheostomy with a plastic bib when exposed to cold air. - Correct
Answer: CORRECT ANSWER: C The child with a tracheostomy should not be exposed to noxious fumes such as paint, varnish, or hair spray or to substances such as talc. The parent and child must be cautioned about safety measures around bodies of water. Baths can be taken, but parents must observe the necessary safety precautions. The child may play outdoors with a scarf or other protection that allows air through.
A 4-year-old girl is admitted to outpatient surgery for removal of a cyst on her back. Her mother puts the hospital gown on her, but the child is crying because she wants to leave on her underpants. What is the most appropriate nursing action at this time??
- Allow her to wear her underpants.
- Discuss with her mother why this is important to the child.
- Ask her mother to explain to her why she cannot wear them.
- Explain in a kind, matter-of-fact manner that this is hospital policy. - Correct Answer:
CORRECT ANSWER: A
It is appropriate for the child to leave her underpants on. If necessary, the underpants can be removed after she has received the initial medications for anesthesia. This allows her some measure of control in this procedure. The mother should not be required to make the child more upset. The child is too young to understand what hospital policy means.
A 5-month-old infant is in respiratory distress. What should the nurse expect to find?
- Nasal flaring
- Bradycardia
- Abdominal breathing
- Capillary refill of 2 seconds - Correct Answer: CORRECT ANSWER: A
Nasal flaring is a sign of respiratory distress and a significant finding in an infant. The enlargement of the nostrils helps reduce nasal resistance and maintains airway patency. Nasal flaring may be intermittent or continuous and should be described as minimum or marked. The infant would have tachycardia, not bradycardia, in respiratory distress. Abdominal breathing and a capillary refill are normal findings in an infant.
A 5-year-old child returns from the pediatric intensive care unit after abdominal surgery.The orders state to monitor vital signs every 2 hours. On assessment, the nurse 2 / 4
observes that the child's heart rate is 20 beats/min less than it was preoperatively. What should be the nurse's next action?
- Follow the orders and check in 2 hours.
- Ask the parents if this is the child's usual heart rate.
- Recheck the pulse and blood pressure in 15 minutes.
- Notify the surgeon that the child is probably going into shock. - Correct Answer:
CORRECT ANSWER: C
In a 5-year-old child, this is a significant change in vital signs. The nurse should assess the child to see if his condition mirrors a drop in heart rate. The assessment and vital signs should be redone in 15 minutes to determine whether the child's condition is stable. When a disparity in vital signs or other assessment data is observed, the nurse should reassess sooner. Most parents will not know their child's heart rate. It is important to determine how the child is recovering from surgery. The nurse should collect additional information before notifying the surgeon. This includes blood pressure, respiratory rate, and pain status.
A 6 year old child's growth curve shows their length at 6% and their weight at 95%. The large difference in percentiles would prompt the nurse to give anticipatory guidance on which of the following subjects?
- Short stature
- Obesity
- Nutrition
d. Both B & C - Correct Answer: d. Both B & C
A 6-year-old boy is hospitalized for intravenous antibiotic therapy. He eats very little on his "regular diet" trays. He tells the nurse that all he wants to eat is pizza, tacos, and ice cream. What nursing action is the most appropriate?
- Request these favorite foods for him.
- Identify healthier food choices that he likes.
- Explain that he needs fruits and vegetables.
- Reward him with ice cream at the end of every meal that he eats. - Correct Answer:
CORRECT ANSWER: A
Loss of appetite is a symptom common to most childhood illnesses. To encourage adequate nutrition, the nurse should request favorite foods for the child. The foods he likes provide nutrition and can be supplemented with additional fruits and vegetables.Ice cream and other desserts should not be used as rewards or punishment.
A 6-year-old boy is hospitalized for intravenous antibiotic therapy. He eats very little on his regular diet trays. He tells the nurse that all he wants to eat is pizza, tacos, and ice cream. What nursing action is the most apporpriate?
- Request these favorite foods for him.
- Identify healthier food choices for him that he might like.
- Explain that he needs fruits and vegetables.
- Reward him with ice cream at the end of every meal that he eats. - Correct Answer:
- Request these favorite foods for him.
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A 6-year-old child needs to drink 1 L of GoLYTELY in preparation for a computed tomography scan of the abdomen. To encourage the child to drink, what should the nurse do?
- Give him a large cup with ice so it tastes better.
- Restrict him to his room until he drinks the GoLYTELY.
- Use little cups and make a game to reward him for each cup he drinks.
- Tell him that if he does not finish drinking by a set time, the practitioner will be angry.
- Correct Answer: CORRECT ANSWER: C
One liter of GoLYTELY is difficult for many children to drink. By using small cups, the child will find the amount less overwhelming. Then a game can be made in which some type of reward (sticker, reading another page of a book) is given for each cup. A large cup of ice would make it more difficult because the child would see it as too much and ice adds additional fluid to be consumed. Negative reinforcement may work if the child wishes to be out of his room. A practitioner may or may not be angry if he does not finish drinking by a set time; this is a threat that may or may not be true. If the child is having difficulty drinking, this would most likely not be effective.
A 7-year-old child with acute diarrhea has been rehydrated with oral rehydration solution (ORS). The nurse should recommend that the child's diet be advanced to what kind of diet?
- Regular diet
- Clear liquids
- High carbohydrate diet
- BRAT (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast or tea) diet - Correct Answer: Regular
diet
It is appropriate to advance to a regular diet after ORS has been used to rehydrate the child. Clear liquids are not appropriate for hydration or afterward. A high carbohydrate diet may contribute to loose stools because of the low electrolyte content and high osmolality. The BRAT diet has little nutritional value and is high in carbohydrates.
A 7-year-old is identified as being at risk for skin breakdown. What intervention should the nursing care plan include?
- Massaging reddened bony prominences
- Teaching the parents to turn the child every 4 hours
- Ensuring that nutritional intake meets requirements
- Minimizing use of extra linens, which can irritate the child's skin - Correct Answer:
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Children who are hospitalized and NPO (taking nothing by mouth) for several days are at risk for nutritional deficiencies and skin breakdown. If NPO status is prolonged, parenteral nutrition should be considered. Massaging bony prominences can cause deep tissue damage. This should be avoided. Although parents can participate, turning the child is the nurse's responsibility. If the child is alert and can move, position shifts should be done more frequently. If the child does not move, the nurse should reposition every 2 hours. The number of linens is not an issue. The child should not be dragged across the sheet. Children should be lifted and moved to avoid friction and shearing.
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