PBHL 511 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) action potential - Correct Answers ✅Na+ moves into cell and depolarizes it Nodes of Ranvier - Correct Answers ✅where the ion channels live, promotes faster electrical signal transmission reward pathway - Correct Answers ✅VTA --> nucleus accumbens --> PFC physiological process of addiction - Correct Answers ✅morphine binds to opiate receptors and releases dopamine neurological impairments due to drug addiction - Correct Answers ✅- decreased brain glucose metabolism
- loss of DA transporters which leads to slower motor function
- increased reactivity to stress
- impaired executive function
- other drug abuse in these communities was overshadowed
& impaired memory
effect of opioids on black community - Correct Answers ✅- don't get prescribed opioids as often because people think they don't feel as much pain
by Rx addiction crisis 1 / 3
PBHL 511 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) medical model for addiction - Correct Answers ✅- 1960s- 1970s
- methadone treatment & NIDA
- War on Drugs, Rockefeller Drug Laws (mandatory minimum
- seeing people as "weak-brained"
- researchers benefit from this model b/c of funding
- risk of stigma as "diseased"
- difference in who deserves treatment & who deserves law
law enforcement model for addiction - Correct Answers ✅- 1980s-2000s
sentencing) limitations of brain/drug addiction paradigm - Correct Answers ✅- underplays social determinants
race & roots of addiction - Correct Answers ✅- believed that root is biological/cultural for black people & social for white people
enforcement primary prevention - Correct Answers ✅removes possibility that "disease" will ever occur
ex: safety of foods, individual health behaviors (sunscreen,
etc.) 2 / 3
PBHL 511 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) challenges to primary prevention (7) - Correct Answers ✅1.lack of knowledge about a disease
2. fear or misinformation re: medicine
- lack of access to health care
- competing priorities/concerns
- environments that don't support healthy choices
- cultural norms
- laws & enforcement
secondary prevention - Correct Answers ✅preventive measures that lead to early diagnosis & prompt treatment
ex: breast self exam, lead level testing
challenges to secondary prevention (4) - Correct Answers ✅1. test sensitivity
- fear of positive result
- feeling of invincibility
- religiosity ("God will take care of me") and fatalism ("I can't
do anything about it") tertiary prevention - Correct Answers ✅rehab following illness
ex: suboxone, chemotherapy
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