Pathophysiology Exam Test

Pathophysiology Exam Test #3 Part 1 and 2 Patho Test #3 part 2

When discussing body fluid, it is correct to state that:

A: two-thirds of the body's water is intracellular.

B: one-fourth of the body's fluid is extracellular.

C: the two main extracellular compartments are interstitial and intracellular.

D: standard total body water is 40% of body weight.

A: two-thirds of the body's water is intracellular.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? When discussing body fluid movement, it is correct to state

that:

A: potassium is the most abundant extracellular fluid (ECF) ion.

B: sodium maintains the osmotic balance of the intracellular fluid (ICF) space.

C: water moves freely across membranes.

D: aquaporins block water movement across the membrane.

C: water moves freely across membranes.

When discussing aldosterone, it is correct to state that:

A: it is a hormone that is secreted when sodium levels are depressed.

B: it is a hormone that is secreted when potassium levels are depressed.

C: its action is to decrease the retention of sodium.

D: its action is to decrease the secretion of potassium.

A: it is a hormone that is secreted when sodium levels are depressed.

When discussing hyperchloremia (elevated serum chlorine), it is correct to state that it:

A: occurs with a deficit of sodium.

B: arises with an excess of bicarbonate.

C: has specific symptoms such as thirst.

D: is a result of an underlying disorder

D: is a result of an underlying disorder 1 / 4

When discussing hyponatremia (low serum sodium), it is correct to state that it is generally:

A: a result of inadequate sodium intake.

B: a result of a decrease in total body water (TBW).

C: an outcome of serious burns, vomiting, or diarrhea.

D: an outcome of serum sodium levels dropping below 145 mEq/L.

C: an outcome of serious burns, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium)?

A: Dietary excesses are commonly the cause.

B: It often occurs in acidosis.

C: There is an increased in the renal secretion of potassium.

D: Increased aldosterone levels are noted.

B: It often occurs in acidosis.

A patient has deep and rapid respirations. Laboratory tests reveal decreased pH and bicarbonate. This

patient is experiencing:

A: metabolic acidosis.

B: metabolic alkalosis.

C: respiratory acidosis.

D: respiratory alkalosis.

A: metabolic acidosis.

A common cause of the increased filtration of fluid from capillaries and lymph into surrounding tissues

(edema) includes: Select all that apply.

• increased hydrostatic pressure.
• decreased plasma oncotic pressure.
• increased capillary membrane permeability.
• lymphatic obstruction.

E.increased barometric pressure.

• increased hydrostatic pressure.
• decreased plasma oncotic pressure.
• increased capillary membrane permeability.
• lymphatic obstruction.

When discussing causes of hypernatremia (elevated serum sodium), it is correct to include: Select all that apply.

• excessive free water intake.
• inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
• oversecretion of the hormone aldosterone.
• Cushing syndrome.

E.ingesting large amounts of dietary sodium. 2 / 4

B.inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.

• oversecretion of the hormone aldosterone.

D.Cushing syndrome.When discussing common clinical manifestations of hypokalemia (low serum potassium), it is correct to

state that: Select all that apply.

• carbohydrate metabolism is affected due to decreased insulin secretion.

B.renal function is impaired.

• neuromuscular excitability is decreased.

D.skeletal muscle contractility is increased.E.smooth muscle tone is increased.

• carbohydrate metabolism is affected due to decreased insulin secretion.

B.renal function is impaired.

• neuromuscular excitability is decreased.

Which artery travels in the coronary sulcus between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

• Left anterior descending

B.Circumflex

• Right coronary
• Left coronary

B.Circumflex Which part of the heart is responsible for electrical impulse stimulation?

• Atrioventricular (AV) node
• Sinoatrial (SA) node
• Bundle of His
• Right bundle branch
• Sinoatrial (SA) node

Which of the following represents the measure of time from the onset of atrial activation to the onset of ventricular activation?

• PR interval
• QRS complex
• ST interval
• QT interval
• PR interval

What is the appropriate term for the "thick filaments of myosin that constitute a central dark band"?

• A band
• I band
• Z line
• M line 3 / 4

• A band

Which drugs have a major effect in decreasing the strength of cardiac contraction?A.Calcium channel blockers

• Narcotics (morphine)
• Adenosine
• Aspirin

A.Calcium channel blockers Which items are related in the Frank-Starling law of the heart?

• Resting sarcomere length to tension generation
• Resting sarcomere length to end-diastolic volume

C.Tension generation and left ventricular pressure

• Tension generation and diastolic filling pressures
• Resting sarcomere length to tension generation

Which phrase is the definition of cardiac preload?

• Impedance to ejection of blood from the left ventricle
• Wall tension related to internal blood vessel radius
• A lower than normal tension curve

D.Pressure generated by the end-diastolic volume D.Pressure generated by the end-diastolic volume Which describes the cardio-inhibitory center?

• Sympathetic excitatory neurons
• Parasympathetic excitatory neurons
• Bainbridge reflex
• Baroreceptor reflex
• Parasympathetic excitatory neurons

Which hormone is released from heart tissue in response to increases in blood volume?

• Epinephrine
• Norepinephrine
• Thyroid hormone
• Natriuretic peptide
• Natriuretic peptide

What two factors determine cardiac output?

• Parasympathetic and sympathetic activity
• Preload and afterload
• Heart rate and stroke volume
• Right and left atrial pressure
• / 4