Pathophysiology Exam 1 Rasmussen Latest Update 2024-2025 100% Complete 120 Questions and Verified Correct Answers Already Graded A+
3 stages of adaptation (GAS) - CORRECT ANSWER: alarm reaction, stage of
resistance, stage of exhaustion
4 topics of pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER: etiology, pathogenesis, clinical
manifestations, treatment
- cardinal signs of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER: heat, redness, swelling, pain,
loss of function
7 warning signs of cancer - CORRECT ANSWER: (CAUTION)
Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness
active immunity - CORRECT ANSWER: A form of acquired immunity in which the body
produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
active transport - CORRECT ANSWER: requires energy, against the gradient from low concentration to high
(ex: endocytosis (entering cell), exocytosis(exiting cell), and protein pumps)
acute - CORRECT ANSWER: sudden onset and short duration
adaptation/resistance stage - CORRECT ANSWER: trying to return to homeotasis
alarm stage - CORRECT ANSWER: fight or flight response
reduced resistance to stressors release catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and adrenocortical steroids (cortisol and aldostrone)
antimicrobial resistance - CORRECT ANSWER: occurs when pathogens undergo
changes that allow them to resist antimicrobials (Ex: MRSA)
atopic dermatitis - CORRECT ANSWER: Excess inflammation; dry skin, redness, and
itching from allergies and irritants. (eczema)
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Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in blood) - CORRECT
ANSWER: 23-30 mEq/L
Calcium value normal range - CORRECT ANSWER: 9-11 mg/dL OR 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
causes of edema - CORRECT ANSWER: increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, loss of plasma proteins, obstruction of lymphatic circulation, increased capillary permeability
Causes of extracellular fluid deficits - CORRECT ANSWER: loss of total body sodium- Vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, burns, diuretics or kidney failure.
chronic - CORRECT ANSWER: long term
clinical manifestation - CORRECT ANSWER: signs and symptoms or evidence of
disease
Components of the Immune System - CORRECT ANSWER: (1) skin and mucous
membranes; (2) the mononuclear phagocyte system; (3) the lymphoid system, including spleen, thymus gland, and lymph nodes; and (4) bone marrow. AND B cells; T cells
condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL - CORRECT ANSWER: hypercalcemia
Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER: Hyperchloremia
Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER: Hypermagesemia
Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL - CORRECT ANSWER: Hyperphosphatemia
Condition of high potassium >5 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER: Hyperkalemia
Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER: hypernatremia
condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL - CORRECT ANSWER: hypocalcemia
Condition of low chloride <96 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER: hypochloremia
Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER: hypomagnesemia
condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL - CORRECT ANSWER: hypophophatemia
Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER: hypokalemia
Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER: hyponatremia /
hypernatremia
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