Oceanography Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) Explain the significance of the hydrogen bond - Correct Answers ✅•Similar to ionic bond but weak •Polarity causes water molecules to form weak (hydrogen) bonds between water molecules •Although the hydrogen bond between molecules is only 5% as strong as the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen (covalent bonds), it accounts for many of water's important properties •The way we see water today is almost a gel because of the hydrogen bonds Special properties of water (hydrogen bond is behind all these special properties) •High surface tension •Tremendous dissolving power •Highest heat capacity - measure of how easy it is to warm up or cool down a substance. If you have a high heat capacity, you have to put a lot of energy into doing that. If you have low heat capacity, a little energy will change the temperature •High melting and boiling points - temperature of transforming a solid to a liquid and transforming a liquid to a gas, and reverse •High heat of fusion and vaporization - •Density of solid is less than liquid Explain what heat capacity and latent heat are - Correct Answers ✅heat capacity is the measure of how easy it is to 1 / 4
Oceanography Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) warm up or cool down a substance. If you have a high heat capacity, you have to put a lot of energy into doing that. If you have low heat capacity, a little energy will change the temperature. Latent heat is the energy needed to change state (ice to water, water to vapor) Explain how the density of pure water changes with temperature and why - Correct Answers ✅gets denser as it gets colder until four degrees celsius, which is the temperature of maximum density. below 4 degrees it gets less dense. after it reaches 4 degrees it starts to get less dense in preparation for freezing - getting into the geometrical shape for ice, which is less dense because theres so much space between the particles.Explain how the density of seawater changes with temperature - Correct Answers ✅• Higher the temperature, the lighter the water, the lower the temperature, the denser the water • Lower salinity, lower temperature generally but not a linear pattern Why is the water molecule a 'polar' molecule? - Correct Answers ✅because of shape, negative where oxygen is sticking out, positive where the two hydrogen molecules are 2 / 4
Oceanography Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) What is a hydrogen bond, how does it form, why is it important? - Correct Answers ✅• Similar to ionic bond but weak • Polarity causes water molecules to form weak (hydrogen) bonds between water molecules gives water all of its special properties Describe the unique properties of water (high heat capacity, high melting and boiling points, high heat of fusion and vaporization, density of solid less than density of liquid). - Correct Answers ✅Special properties of water (hydrogen bond is behind all these special properties) •High surface tension •Tremendous dissolving power •Highest heat capacity - measure of how easy it is to warm up or cool down a substance. If you have a high heat capacity, you have to put a lot of energy into doing that. If you have low heat capacity, a little energy will change the temperature •High melting and boiling points - temperature of transforming a solid to a liquid and transforming a liquid to a gas, and reverse •High heat of fusion and vaporization - •Density of solid is less than liquid 3 / 4
Oceanography Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) What is the difference between temperature and heat? - Correct Answers ✅Temperature is a measure of how fast the molecules in a substance are moving • Heat is a measure of how much energy has to be put into (or gotten out of) a substance to change its temperature, or state (solid, liquid, gas) Describe the arrangement of water molecules as they exist in the gaseous, liquid, and solid states - Correct Answers ✅Gas - water molecules separated from each other. Liquid water - hydrogen bonds are always there but they're always forming and breaking so the liquid can conform to a container. When you have a solid - molecules present in ice have to assume a certain configuration geometrically How can evaporation occur at temperatures less than 100°C?
- - Correct Answers ✅molecule by molecule gains enough
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energy to change state, whereas boiling is a mass process - all of the molecules could make the jump at 100 degrees. but before that molecule by molecule.Calculate the total amount of heat required to convert 5 gr of ice at -15°C to 5 gr of water vapor at 106°C. EXAM QUESTION!! - Correct Answers ✅3652.5 Water has thermostatic properties. Why? How does that affect coastal climates (think of coastal vs continental climate)? Why is it important around Antarctica? - Correct