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NVCC PSY 200-E43L Exam 2 includes accurate and verified questions covering general psychology topics such as learning theories (classical and operant conditioning), memory processes, developmental stages, sensation and perception, and cognitive psychology. This exam is designed for students enrolled in the second unit of the PSY 200 course.
What is operant conditioning? (OC) and how is it different from classical conditioning? - ANSWER-is the type of learning in which the consequences of an organisms behavior determine whether it will be repeated in the future
Which conditioning looks at reactive behaviors, OC or CC? - ANSWER-Classical conditioning
Which conditioning looks at active behaviors, OC or CC? - ANSWER-Operant conditioning
Which conditioning pairs a response with a consequence, OC or CC? - ANSWER-Operant conditioning
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Which conditioning pairs two stimuli, OC or CC? - ANSWER- Classical conditioning
What is the law of effect and which researchers are associated with it? - ANSWER-behaviors that are followed by a "satisfying state of affairs" tend to be repeated and those that produce an "unpleasant state of affairs" are less likely to be repeated.Thorndike developed this
What is operant behavior? - ANSWER-refers to behavior that an organism produces that has some impact on the environment
What is a reinforcer? - ANSWER-any stimulus or event that functions to increase the likelihood of the behavior that led to it
What is a punisher? - ANSWER-any stimulus or event that functions to decrease the likelihood of the behavior that led to it
What is positive reinforcement? - ANSWER-where a reward stimulus is added
What is negative reinforcement? - ANSWER-where an unpleasant reinforcement is removed 2 / 4
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What is negative punishment? - ANSWER-where a reward stimulus is removed
what is positive punishment? - ANSWER-when an unpleasant stimulus is added
How does discrimination occur in operant conditioning? - ANSWER-refers to responding only to the discriminative stimulus and not to similar stimuli. people were only reinforced if they responded when the appropriate thing was presented.
How does extinction occur in operant conditioning? - ANSWER-when stimuli elicit similar responses to previously conditioned stimuli that share certain qualities
What is a fixed interval? - ANSWER-an interval schedule where reinforcers are presented at fixed time periods, provided that the appropriate response is made.
What is a variable interval? - ANSWER-an interval schedule where a behavior is reinforced based on an average time that has expired since the last reinforcement 3 / 4
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What is a fixed ratio? - ANSWER-a ratio schedule where reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses
What is a variable ratio? - ANSWER-a ratio schedule that shows that the delivery of reinforcement is based on a particular average number of responses
What is continuous reinforcement? - ANSWER-when a reinforcer is given after every single response
What is intermittent reinforcement? - ANSWER-where a reinforcer is only given after some of the responses
Gambling operates under which type of reinforcement schedule?
- ANSWER-intermittent reinforcement
What schedule of reinforcement leads to highest rate of response? - ANSWER-variable ratio schedule
What is shaping and how can it be use to teach new behavior? - ANSWER-is learning that results from the reinforcement of
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