NURS 8024 Pharm Test 1: Revised Questions &
Answers Pharmacokinetics Right Ans - -discipline that studies the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugs -(what the body does to the drugs/ how it moves throughout your system) Pharmacodynamics Right Ans - -concerns the actions of the chemical on the organism -(what the drug does to the body) Pharmacology Right Ans - -branch of science that focuses on the study of substances that interact with living organisms through chemical processes as well as the effects of the living organism with the drug Pharmacotherapeutics Right Ans - -the study of the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs. this is a study of beneficial and adverse effects of drugs.Toxicology Right Ans - -branch of pharmacology that deals with undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems- (all substances have potential for toxicity) Legend drug (prescription drug) Right Ans - -drugs that are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and that are required by federal or state law to be dispensed to the public only on prescription of a licensed physician or other licensed provide OTC drug Right Ans - -medicines sold directly to a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare professional Pharmacokinetics Right Ans - -Absorption -distribution -metabolism -elimination Absorption Right Ans - entry of pharmacologic agent into plasma 1 / 3
Distribution Right Ans - agent leaves bloodstream and distributes to interstitial and intracellular fluid Metabolism Right Ans - agent must be metabolized via liver, kidneys or other tissue elimination Right Ans - - agent metabolites must be eliminated from the body (urine, feces, bile, expired air (alcohol) Pharmacologic agonist Right Ans - -agent binds to and activates the receptor - directly or indirectly causing an effect • Full or partial agonists -ex. albuterol inhaler Pharmacologic antagonist Right Ans - - it's an inhibitor (stops)-agent binds to a receptor- competing w/ other molecules and preventing binding by other molecules-ex. ) beta blocker
Pro-drug: Right Ans - -an inactive precursor chemical - must be absorbed
and distributed and converted to the active form of the drug by biologic processes therapeutic goal Right Ans - -obtain/maintain concentrations within the therapeutic window for desired response & minimal toxicity -inside the box ='s a therapeutic window/ outside of the box there is. risk for toxicity -lag period: period until drug gets absorbed-duration of action: how long the medication worked Factors that impact drug absorption Right Ans - 1) Electrical charge: Drugs pass readily through cell membrane when they are uncharged 2) Molecular weight (size) (smaller MW passes cell membrane more easily) 3) Route of administration (parental faster than oral) 2 / 3
4) Presence of other substances/food (for example, vitamin C favors absorption of iron) 5) Disease state (for instance mal-absorption and hyperthyroidism) 6) Gastric motility and gastric emptying 7) Intestinal blood flow > stomach blood flow 8) pH (for instance if a pt is on an H2 receptor blocker or PPI, this makes the pH of the gut move towards a more neutral versus acidic pH, which affects how the drug is absorbed).9) Contact time with absorptive surface (rapid vs slow GI transport where slow transport gives the drug more time to absorb, parasympathetic input increases rate of gastric emptying, sympathetic input decreases rate of gastric emptying because it has an inhibitory effect on GI muscle, food in stomach can lead to delayed absorption.Bioavailability Right Ans - The fraction of chemically unchanged drug that
reaches the systemic circulation (ex: PO med taken with food- goes through
first pass system- absorbed through GI tract- how much of it goes to your systemic circulation- that's bioavailability) factors that can influence bioavailability Right Ans - - first pass metabolism (GI -> portal system-> drug gets metabolized which inactivates part of the drug)
-solubility : ( hydrophilic =Lipophobic) , ( Lipophilic = hydrophobic)
-whether the drug is chemically unstable in the GI tract -nature of the drug formation (enteric coated)
- / 3