NURS 752 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

NURS 752 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

COMPLETED EXAM 2 Latest Update 2024-2025 Actual Exam Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+

1. route of administration influences... - CORRECT ANSWER: -how quickly and how

much of the drug is liberated

• how quickly/much of the drug is absorbed into the blood supply
• how quickly the drug reaches the target organ
• how quickly the drug takes its effect

2. Drug absorption - CORRECT ANSWER: movement of the drug from the site of

administration to the blood supply

• Non-competitive antagonist - CORRECT ANSWER: bind to a regulatory site on the

receptor (not the NT site)

• inhibit the access of the neurotransmitter binding site to NT

3 ways drugs can move across the membrane - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. simple

diffusion (90% of drugs use this)

• passive transport (facilitated through channels)
• Active transport (through channels requiring energy)

• Drug distribution - CORRECT ANSWER: circulation of the drug to target sites in the

biological system

4. Drug inactivation - CORRECT ANSWER: breakdown (biotransformation) of drugs

• describes converting active drug form --> inactive drug form
• or prodrug form > active > inactive
• occurs in the liver by enzymes of the p450 system

50% Toxic Dose (TD50) - CORRECT ANSWER: dose of drug that produces 50% of a

toxic effect

• exists for each individual toxic effect measured
• can either be annoying or lethal
• in the case of 50% lethal dose, its called LD50

Absorption and availability of PO drugs are influenced by... - CORRECT ANSWER: 1.Food load - amount and types of food alter stomach and digestion. ex. more food = longer digestion = slower absorption

• Stomach acidity - gastric fluid is very acidic
• drugs activated at a low pH use enteric coated formulations to protect from stomach

acids

• sometimes use buffered formulations 1 / 2

Active transport - CORRECT ANSWER: drugs move against the concentration gradient, and requires energy

Acute tolerance - CORRECT ANSWER: rapid induction of tolerance

• quick changes to neural systems
• rapid decrease in drug potency

Apparent Volume or Volume of Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER: the ability of a drug to distribute within the body Vd = amount of drug that leaves circulation

• influenced by lipid solubility

-defined in liters

• the greater the Vd, the more drug distributes to the tissue

Astrocytic feet - CORRECT ANSWER: astrocytes project feet around the endothelial basement membrane

BBB is not an absolute barrier - CORRECT ANSWER: - can be opened by diuretic

dress

• dehydration causes cells to shrink back, opening junctions

Behavioral tolerance - CORRECT ANSWER: reduction in potency of drug secondary to intentional change in behavior of user based upon the anticipation of the possible adverse effects ex. alcoholics learning to walk differently

Binding characteristics of drugs - CORRECT ANSWER: Alters extent and duration of [drug]blood

• drugs bind to plasma proteins in blood (called drug depots)

-in blood, drugs exist either bound to plasma proteins [bound drug] or unbound [free drug]

• ONLY free drug molecules can diffuse across membranes into brain tissue

Blood flow - CORRECT ANSWER: drug distribution happens in phases

Blood flow First phase - CORRECT ANSWER: preferential flow to a specific target

• immediately, the [drug] in the blood drops rapidly as the drug enters the brain, so high

[brain:blood] concentration ratio

blood flow second phase - CORRECT ANSWER: due to drug solubility in other body

tissues than the target tissue

• remaining [drug]blood enters other body tissues, further reducing [drug]blood
• so, drug leaves the brain compartment and enters blood again
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