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Nurs 611 Exam 4 Advanced Pathophysiology (Maryville University) Newest 2025 Complete 300 Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+
Microorganisms usually associated with acute pyelonephritis - ANSWER- 1. E. coli
- Proteus, or
- Pseudomonas.
Rationale: These microorganisms also split urea into ammonia,
making alkaline urine that increases the risk of stone formation.
specific diagnosis: cystitis vs pyelonephritis - ANSWER- 1.
Difficult to do by clinical manifestations alone
- urine culture,
- urinalysis, and
- clinical signs and symptoms
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pyelonephritis UA lab finding - ANSWER- White blood cell casts, but they are not always present in the urine.
Reduced GFR during glomerular disease - ANSWER- 1.elevated plasma urea,
- creatinine concentration, or
- reduced renal creatinine clearance.
Acute glomerulonephritis - ANSWER- includes renal diseases in which glomerular inflammation is caused by immune mechanisms that damage the glomerular
capillary filtration membrane including the endothelium, basement membrane, and epithelium (podocytes)
Acute glomerulonephritis: classic symptoms - ANSWER- 1.
sudden onset of hematuria including red blood cell casts and
- proteinuria (milder than nephrotic syndrome),
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Acute glomerulonephritis: severe symptoms - ANSWER- 1.
Hematuria
- protienuria
- Edema
4. HTN
- Impaired renal function
Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER- 1. excretion of 3.0 g or more of protein (massive proteinuria) in the urine per day,
- hypoalbuminemia (less than 3.0 g/dl), and
- peripheral edema
Nephrotic syndrome is characteristic of - ANSWER- Glomerular injury
Primary causes of nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER- 1. minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis), 3 / 4
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- membranous glomerulonephritis, and
- focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (see Table 38-7).
Secondary forms of nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER- occur in systemic diseases including
- diabetes mellitus,
- amyloidosis, and
- systemic lupus erythematosus
Nephrotic syndrome also is seen with - ANSWER- 1. certain drugs,
- infections, malignancies, and
- vascular disorders.
Acute Kidney injury may be - ANSWER- acute and rapidly progressive (within hours), and the process may be reversible
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