Nurs 611 Exam 3 Advanced Pathophysiology

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Nurs 611 Exam 3 Advanced Pathophysiology (Maryville University) Newest 2025 Complete 200 Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+

when insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an example of what type of effect by a hormone?a.Pharmacologic c.Synergistic b.Permissive d.Direct - ANSWER- D

Rationale: Direct effects are the obvious changes in cell function

that specifically result from the stimulation by a particular hormone. The other options are not used to identify the described effect.

• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to

stimulate thyroid hormone (TH) and is inhibited when plasma levels of TH are adequate. This is an example of: 1 / 4

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• Positive feedback
• Negative feedback
• Neural regulation
• Physiologic regulation - ANSWER- B

Rationale: Feedback systems provide precise monitoring and

control of the cellular environment. Negative feedback occurs because the changing chemical, neural, or endocrine response to a stimulus negates the initiating change that triggered the release of the hormone. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from

the hypothalamus stimulates TSH secretion from the anterior pituitary. Secretion of TSH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of THs. Increasing levels of T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) then generate negative feedback on the pituitary and hypothalamus to inhibit TRH and TSH synthesis. The described example is not accurately identified by any of the other options.

Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located:

• Inside the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm 2 / 4

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• On the outer surface of the plasma membrane
• Inside the mitochondria
• On the inner surface of the plasma membrane - ANSWER-

A

Rationale: Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located inside

the plasma membrane and easily diffuse across the plasma membrane to bind to either cytosolic or nuclear receptors. The other options are not true statements.

• Which second messenger is stimulated by epinephrine

binding to a β- adrenergic receptor?

• Calcium
• Inositol triphosphate (IP3) c.Diacylglycerol (DAG)

d.Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) - ANSWER- D

Rationale: Second-messenger molecules are the initial link

between the first signal (hormone) and the inside of the cell (see Table 21-3). For example, the binding of epinephrine to a β adrenergic-receptor subtype activates (through a stimulatory G protein) the enzyme, adenylyl cyclase. Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the second messenger, 3', and 5'-cAMP. The remaining messengers are not stimulated by epinephrine to bind as described. 3 / 4

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Which hormone does the second messenger calcium (Ca++) bind to activate phospholipase C through a G protein?

• Angiotensin II c.

Estrogen b.Thyroxine d.Testosterone - ANSWER- A

Rationale: Ca++ is considered an important second messenger

that facilitates the binding of a hormone (e.g., norepinephrine, angiotensin II) to a surface receptor, activating the enzyme phospholipase C through a G protein inside the plasma membrane. None of the other options acts on its target cell via a second messenger.

The control of calcium in cells is important because it:

a.Is controlled by the calcium negative-feedback loop. b.Is continuously synthesized. c.Acts as a second messenger. d.Carries lipid-soluble hormones in the bloodstream. - ANSWER- C

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