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Nurs 611 Exam 1 Advanced Pathophysiology (Maryville University) Newest 2025 Complete 300 Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - ANSWER- nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - ANSWER- cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain? - ANSWER- enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
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The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what two things (2), and metabolizes what three things
(3)? - ANSWER-
1- metabolic 2- urea and heme synthesis 3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic dearangements? - ANSWER- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What is physiologic atrophy? - ANSWER- occurs in early
development. ex: thymus glad during childhood
What is pathologic atrophy? - ANSWER- occurs as a result of decreases in workload, use, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, and hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to
decreased hormonal stimulation. and an pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
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what is hypertrophy? - ANSWER- increase in cell size
Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy? - ANSWER- hypertrophy of myocardial cells from endurance training
example of pathologic hypertrophy - ANSWER- cardiomegaly in a hypertensive patient
What is hyperplasia? - ANSWER- increase in the number of cells
example of compensatory hyperplasia? - ANSWER- regeneration of the liver
example of pathological hyperplasia - ANSWER- endometrial tissue
example of hormonal hyperplasia - ANSWER- enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy
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What is metaplasia? - ANSWER- replacement of the cells
example of metaplasia - ANSWER- normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining being replaced by squamous cells. can be reversed if irritant stopped
cellular metabolism- what molecule gives us energy? - ANSWER- ATP functions as the energy-transferring molecule
During ischemia, what effect does the loss of ATP have on the cells? - ANSWER- a reduction of ATP levels (ATP needs oxygen) that causes the Na+/K+ pump and Na+/Ca exchange to fail, leading to intracellular accumulation of Sodium and calcium and diffusion of K+ out of the cell . Sodium and water can enter cell freely causing cellular swelling
What is a free radical? - ANSWER- A molecule that is unstable and highly reactive because it contains unpaired electrons. To stabilize, it gives up or takes a electron making it capable of
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