NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines

NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines

• Practice Questions with Complete

Solutions How does blood flow through the heart chambers/valves? - Correct Answers ✅Superior vena cava to inferior vena cave. Blood then enters the right atrium and passes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries where it becomes oxygenated. The oxygenated blood is brought back to the heart by the pulmonary veins which enter the left atrium. From the left atrium blood flows through the bicuspid (mitral) valve into the left ventricle.Which coronary arteries provide blood to which part of the heart? - Correct Answers ✅a. ) Left coronary artery

i.) Left anterior descending artery:widow maker

LV and RV, intraventricular septum

ii. ) Circumflex: LA and left lateral wall of LV.

• ) Right coronary artery

RV, intraventricular sulcus and small vessels of the RV and LV What factors contribute to blood flow in a vessel? - Correct Answers ✅Pressure difference between two ends of a vessel

Resistance: r/t diameter of a vessel

Viscosity (n) of the blood Length (l) of the vessel 1 / 4

NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines

• Practice Questions with Complete

Solutions

What does QP: QS mean and what factors alter a normal

ratio? - Correct Answers ✅Q=blood flow

QP= blood flow to the lungs (pulmonary) : QS= blood flow to

the body (systemic) i ) Vascular resistance =measures in woods units ii) Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)

1. ) <8 weeks of age: 8-10 woods units/m2

2. ) >8 weeks of age: 1-3 woods units/m2

iii) Systemic vascular resistance

• ) Infant 10-15 woods units/m2

2.) 1-2 years old: 15-20 woods units/m2

3.) Child to adult: 15-30 woods units/m2

a) Factors affecting resistance

i.) Compliance-ease that blood travels through the arteries

• Constriction and relaxation of smooth muscle of arteries

and arterioles

• ) Sympathetic nervous system

b.) Local tissue metabolism c.) Hormone responses d.) Changes in chemical environment 2 / 4

NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines

• Practice Questions with Complete

Solutions Explain the process of cardiac contraction and relaxation.What are the roles of actin, myosin, and troponin in this process? - Correct Answers ✅At rest, active sites on actin are blocked by troponin and tropomyosin complexes. During action potential, troponin C binds with calcium and moves the complexes off the actin active site. Actin and myosin interact (contract).

"Walk-along" theory:

Head of myosin cross-bridge attached to the actin filament at the active site.Intra molecular forces cause the myosin head to tilt forward on a flexible hinge and drag the actin filament with it (power stroke) Myosin head breaks away and interacts with the next actin active site.Z disc pulls filaments together at the sarcomeres= muscle contraction.What is the effect of Epinephrine on the cardiovascular system? - Correct Answers ✅Stronger Alpha 1 than Alpha

• Works on both, equally strong on Beta 1 (renin release),

and Beta 2. Positive inotrope. Increases heart rate, smooth muscle contraction, myocardial contractility, coronary flow, 3 / 4

NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines

• Practice Questions with Complete

Solutions increase systolic blood pressure, mild increase in diastolic blood pressure.What is the effect of Norepinephrine on the cardiovascular system? - Correct Answers ✅Slightly stronger Alpha 2 than Alpha 1. Some effect on Beta 1, none on Beta 2. Strong vasoconstriction (smooth muscle contraction). Increase coronary flow, increase systolic and some diastolic BP.What is the effect of Dopamine on the cardiovascular system? - Correct Answers ✅Positive inotrope. Increases HR, increases BP (vasoconstriction) Alpha 1, 2, beta 1 and dopamine receptors) What is the process of generating a cardiac action potential?What electrolytes are involved? - Correct Answers ✅0- Depolarization 1-Early repolarization Rapid sodium entering the cell

• Plateau (repolarization)

Slow sodium and calcium enters the cell

• Potassium moves out of the cells
• Return to resting potential
• / 4