Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 1 Questions

Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 1 Questions

with Complete Solutions

• Cells decrease in size
• Still functional; imbalance between protein synthesis and

degradation. Essentially there is an increase in the catabolism of intracellular organelles, reducing structural components of cell

Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood

Pathological: disuse (muscle atrophy d/ decrease workload,

pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous stimulation) - Correct Answers ✅Atrophy

E: cells increase in number, mitosis (cell division) must occur,

size of cell does not change

Phys: increased rate of division, increase in tissue mass after

damage or partial resection; may be compensatory, hormonal, or pathologic

Patho: abnormal proliferation of normal cells usually caused

by increased hormonal stimulation (endometrial). increase of production of local growth factors

Ex: removal of part of the liver lead to hyperplasia of

hepatocytes. uterine or mammary gland enlargement during pregnancy - Correct Answers ✅Hyperplasia

• Not true adaptation; Cells abnormal change in size, shape,

organization (classified as mild, moderate, severe)

• caused by cell injury/irritation, characterized by disordered

cell growth. aka atypical hyperplasia or pre-cancer, a disorderly proliferation 1 / 4

Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 1 Questions

with Complete Solutions

Physiologic: N/A

Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV shows up

on pap smear, breast cancer development; pap smears often show dysplastic cells of the cervix that must undergo laser/surgical tx - Correct Answers ✅Dysplasia

E: reversible change, one type of cell changes to another

type for survival

P: reversible; results from exposure of the cells to chronic

stressors, injury, or irritation; Cancer can arise from this area, stimulus induces a reprogramming of stem cells under the influence of cytokines and growth factors Ex: Patho: Columnar cells change to squamous cells in lungs of smoker or normal ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial linings are replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells.;

Phys: Barrett Esophagus- normal squamous cells change to

columnar epithelial cells in response to reflux, aka intestinal metaplasia - Correct Answers ✅Metaplasia

• inadequate oxygenation of tissues
• decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production

of ATP increases anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy - Correct Answers ✅Hypoxia injury

• normal byproduct of ATP production, will overwhelm the

mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants 2 / 4

Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 1 Questions

with Complete Solutions

• lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA

C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Correct Answers ✅Free radical and ROS

• mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and

nutritional status

• metabolized by liver, generates free radicals

C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4, inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure irreversible - Correct Answers ✅Ethanol Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases in weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated with high fever, hypocalcemia, certain infections - Correct Answers ✅Oncosis Liver and germ cell tumors - Correct Answers ✅Alpha Fetoprotein Origin GI, pancreas, lung, breast tumors - Correct Answers ✅Carcinoembryonic Antigen prostate tumors - Correct Answers ✅Prostate Specific Antigen 3 / 4

Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 1 Questions

with Complete Solutions from epithelial tissue- renal cell carcinoma - Correct Answers ✅Carcino- from connective tissue- chondrosarcoma - Correct Answers ✅Sarco- preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or squamous cells- cervix - Correct Answers ✅Carcinoma in situ Multiple organs including brain - Correct Answers ✅Lung ca metastasis Liver, lungs - Correct Answers ✅Colorectal ca metastasis Liver, lungs, brain - Correct Answers ✅Testicular ca metastasis Bones (especially lumbar spine), liver - Correct Answers ✅Prostate ca metastasis Liver, bones, lymphatics - Correct Answers ✅Head and neck ca metastasis

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