NURS 222 Exam 1: Questions & Answers
PMI (point of maximal impulse) (Correct Answer)- When auscultating the newborn heart sounds, determine the _____ (acronym only). This will aid in determining whether the right or left ventricle is dominant. If the right ventricle is dominant the impulse is maximal at the lower left sternal border. If the left ventricle is dominant, the impulse is at the apex.
central (Correct Answer)- Abnormal, bluish discoloration of the tongue and mucous membranes caused by desaturation of arterial blood indicating cardiac and/or respiratory dysfunction is known as ____ cyanosis.
circumoral (Correct Answer)- Normal, bluish discoloration around the mouth which is associated with nipple or breast feeding and should resolve following the feeding is known as ____ cyanosis.
acrocyanosis (Correct Answer)- Peripheral cyanosis or bluish discoloration of hands and feet not involving the mucous membranes it often resolves by 48 hours or with stabilization of the infant is known as _____. It is considered normal intermittent.
S3 and S4 (Correct Answer)-
There are four individual heart sounds: S1, S2, S3, and S4. Which sounds
are rarely heard in the newborn? ____ (S# and S#). Their presence denotes a pathologic process.
auscultation (Correct Answer)- Inspection of the general activity of the neonate, breathing patterns, presence or absence of cyanosis, and activity of the precordium are all important. Palpation of pulses, peripheral perfusion, and thrills is also imperative. _____, however, is the main focus of the exam. 1 / 4
placenta (Correct Answer)- Fetal circulation is anatomically and physiologically different from adult circulation in several important ways. In the fetus, oxygenation of the blood, removal of carbon dioxide and wastes occurs in the ____.
ductus venosus (Correct Answer)- The ____ (two words) permits the majority of blood from the placenta to bypass the liver and enter the inferior vena cava. When this blood enters the right atrium, most of it is diverted toward the atrial septum.
foramen ovale (Correct Answer)- The ____ (two words) is the opening in the interatrial septum that permits a portion of blood to flow from the right atrium directly to the left atrium. This blood then enters the left ventricle and aorta, to perfuse the head and upper extremities of the fetus.
ductus arteriosus (Correct Answer)- A tubular communication between the pulmonary artery and the descending aorta that allows blood to flow between the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the fetal lungs is the ____ (two words). Only about eight percent of fetal cardiac output enters the lungs; 92 percent is diverted through this tube into the descending aorta.
increase/decrease (Correct Answer)- During the last trimester of the pregnancy, the estrogen levels [ decrease/increase ] and the progesterone levels [ decrease/increase ].Report the answers as xxxx/xxxx.
contractions (Correct Answer)-
Uterine ____ have two main functions: to dilate the cervix and to push the
fetus through the birth canal.
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dilation (Correct Answer)- Prostaglandins lead to additional contractions, cervical softening, gap junction induction, and myometrial sensitization, thereby leading to a progressive cervical ____, i.e. opening or enlargement of the external cervical os.
cervix (Correct Answer)- From one month to one hour before labor, ____ changes occur secondary to the effects of prostaglandins and pressure from Braxton Hicks contractions.
lightening (Correct Answer)- _____ occurs when the fetal presenting part begins to descend into the true pelvis.
nesting (Correct Answer)- Some women report an increased energy level 24 to 48 hours before labor.During this phase referred to as ____ , women will focus this energy toward childbirth preparation by cleaning, cooking, preparing the nursery, and spending extra time with other children in the household.
mucous plug (Correct Answer)- At the onset of labor or before, the ____ (two words) that fills the cervical canal during pregnancy is expelled as a result of cervical softening and increased pressure of the presenting part.
bloody show (Correct Answer)- An expelled mucous plug can result in ruptured cervical capillaries which release a small amount of blood that mixes with mucus, known as the ____ (two words).
Braxton Hicks (Correct Answer)- A type of contractions that aid in ripening and softening the cervix and moving the cervix from a posterior position to an anterior position. _____ 3 / 4
(two words) contractions are irregular and can be decreased by walking, voiding, eating, increasing fluid intake, or changing position.
late preterm (Correct Answer)- An infant born between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation is identified as "_____" (two words) and experiences many of the same health issues as other preterm birth infants.
T (Correct Answer)- T or F? Braxton Hicks contracts may stop or slow down with walking or making a position change.
- (Correct Answer)-
Stay home until contractions are ____ (#) min apart, last 45-60 sec, and are strong enough so that a conversation during one is not possible—then go to the hospital or birthing center.
false (Correct Answer)- Drink fluids and walk around to see if there is any change in the intensity of the contractions; if the contractions diminish in intensity after either or both—stay home. This is likely [ true / false ] labor.
position (Correct Answer)- Critical factors that affect the labor and birth process are describe by the 5
P's of labor:
*Passageway (birth canal) *Passenger (fetus and placenta) *Powers (contractions) *_____ (maternal) *Psychological response
psychological response (Correct Answer)- Critical factors that affect the labor and birth process are describe by the 5
P's of labor:
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