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NUR265/ NUR 265 EXAM 1: ADVANCED MED -
SURG | COMPLETE GUIDE WITH QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS| 100% CORRECT-
GALEN
QUESTION: What are ACE inhibitors and what should be
monitored?
Answer: ACE Inhibitors Expands blood vessels and decreases
resistance by lowering levels of angiotensin II. Allows blood to flow more easily and makes the heart's work easier or more efficient. (Drugs end in "pril" Captopril) monitor kidney function/ electrolyte
QUESTION: What is acute kidney injury (AKI) and what are its
nursing interventions?
Answer: Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt/ rapid decline of GFR -
>30ml/hr or 0.5ml/kg/hr NI: - Monitor I&O (HOURLY) - daily
weight
QUESTION: What is an acute myocardial infarction (MI) and
what are its types?
Answer: Acute Myocardial Infarction Ischemia can lead to
injury and necrosis of myocardial tissue. - Narrowing of vessel, decreased oxygen supply, increase in lactic acid (chest pain), electrolyte imbalances, conduction changes on ECG. ACS - Vasospasms - Printzmetal Angina. Seen in patients with
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migraines and Raynaud's phenomenon. Increased demand for
oxygen. 2 types of MI: STEMI and NSTEMI
QUESTION: What are the causes of acute pancreatitis?
Answer: acute pancreatitis causes causes: - alcohol - trauma -
surgery - drugs - infection - peptic ulcer -gallstones Patho:
lipolysis, proteolysis, necrosis of blood vessels, and inflammation
QUESTION: What causes anemia in kidney disease?
Answer: Anemia in kidney disease when kidneys are damaged
they do not make enough EPO (this prompts the bone marrow to make RBCs, which than carry oxygen throughout the body), as a result the bone marrow makes fewer RBCs, causing anemia
QUESTION: What are the risk factors and diagnostic methods
for an aneurysm?Answer: Aneurysm risk: - age >60 - male - atherosclerosis -
smoking - HTN Dx: - xray (>5cm can palpate) - CT - US
QUESTION: What causes aortic regurgitation?
Answer: aortic regurgitation Cause: endocarditis
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QUESTION: What causes aortic stenosis and what are its
symptoms?Answer: aortic stenosis Cause: rheumatic fever, congenital
bicuspid Sxs: - dyspnea - angina - syncope - fatigue
QUESTION: What is azotemia?
Answer: Azotemia (excessive) urea and nitrogenous substances
in the blood
QUESTION: What are beta blockers and how do they affect the
heart?
Answer: Beta Blockers Decreases the heart rate and cardiac
output, which lowers blood pressure and makes the heart beat more slowly and with less force. (Drugs end in "olol" Atenolol) The are negative inotropic, negative chronotropic and negative dromotropic...SO...they decrease the force of contraction, the rate, and the conduction
QUESTION: What are the complications of coronary artery
bypass graft (CABG) surgery?
Answer: CABG Complications Cardiac - dysrhythmias (AFIB),
cardiac tamponade, decreased output, and hypotension Hematologic - bleeding and clotting Renal - renal failure Pulmonary - atelectasis Neurologic - stroke, encephalopathy Wound infection - mupirocin nasal ointment can reduce the risk
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of mediastinitis, dehiscence risk can be reduced by reducing strain on incision site Potential for DVT/PE - mobility may be limited during 1st 24 hours, may be on ventilator and will have chest tube. Saphenous vein is most often used as bypass graft, will further diminish venous return in affected extremity.
QUESTION: What are calcium channel blockers and what
should be monitored?
Answer: Calcium Channel Blocker Interrupts movement of
calcium into heart cells & blood vessels. SA Node depressant Decreases heart's pumping strength and relax blood vessels.Drugs may end in "ine"- Nifedipine; cardiozem. they are also negative negative negative, so they do the same things that beta blockers do. used for angina, antidysrhythmias hypertension.monitor edema
QUESTION: What are normal cardiac lab values?
Answer: Cardiac Labs CRP- 6 PTT (heparin)- 1.5-2.5x normal
range BNP: <100 CVP: 2-5
QUESTION: What is cardiac tamponade and what is it a
complication of?
Answer: cardiac tamponade acute compression of the heart
caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity - decrease