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NUR242/ NUR 242 EXAM 2:MED-SURG | GUIDE
WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|
100% CORRECT- GALEN
QUESTION: What are the signs and symptoms of
hypercalcemia?
Answer: Hypercalcemia s/s - serum level higher than 10.5 -
severe muscle weakness and decreased deep tendon reflexes - confusion - lethargy - INCREASED HR & BP - severe prolonged - electrical conduction depression - cyanosis, pallor - blood clots
QUESTION: What causes hypercalcemia?
Answer: Hypercalcemia causes - excessive oral intake of
calcium and Vitamin D - kidney failure - use of thiazide diuretics
QUESTION: What is the treatment for hypercalcemia?
Answer: Hypercalcemia treatment - D/C thiazide diuretics and
replace with diuretics that enhance excretion of calcium (lasix/furosemide) - administer IV fluids (0.9% NS) - sodium increases kidney excretion of calcium
QUESTION: What are the signs and symptoms of
hyperkalemia?
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Answer: Hyperkalemia s/s - serum level greater than 5.0 -
SLOW, WEAK, IRREGULAR HEART RATE - decreased BP - profound skeletal muscle weakness - CARDIAC
DYSRHYTHMIA - TALL PEAKED T WAVES AND W IDE
QRS COMPLEXES
QUESTION: What causes hyperkalemia?
Answer: Hyperkalemia causes - potassium-sparing diuretics -
salt substitutes - ACE inhibitors - kidney failure - rapid infusion of potassium containing IV solutions
QUESTION: What is the treatment for hyperkalemia?
Answer: Hyperkaelmia treatment - assess cardiac complications
- fall prevention - Kayexalate - hold oral potassium supplements
- potassium restricted diet - tele montior
QUESTION: What are the signs and symptoms of
hypermagnesemia?
Answer: hypermagnesemia s/s - serum level greater than 2.5 -
bradycardia - respiratory depression - peripheral vasodilation - hypotension - EKG changes - lethargy - decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes
QUESTION: What causes hypermagnesemia?
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Answer: Hypermagnesemia causes - increased magnesium-
containing antacids and laxatives - increased magnesium replacement - decreased kidney excretion of magnesium due to kidney disease
QUESTION: What is the treatment for hypermagnesemia?
Answer: Hypermagnesemia treatment - goal is to reduce
magnesium levels and correct the underlying problem that caused the imbalance
QUESTION: What are the signs and symptoms of
hypernatremia?
Answer: Hypernatremia s/s - muscle twitches - skeletal muscle
weakness - extreme thirst - decreased urinary output - presence or absence of edema (depending on fluid volume changes) - decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes (late)
QUESTION: What causes hypernatremia?
Answer: Hypernatremia causes - serum level greater than 145 -
corticosteroids - excessive intake of sodium - kidney failure - watery diarrhea - excessive IV solution containing sodium
QUESTION: What is the treatment for hypernatremia?
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Answer: Hypernatremia treatment - patient education regarding
limiting daily sodium intake (processed foods, bacon, ham, hot dogs, condiments, etc.)
QUESTION: What are the signs and symptoms of
hypervolemia?
Answer: Hypervolemia s/s - fluid intake EXCEEDS the fluid
needs of the body - bounding/increased pulse rate - shallow rapid respirations - distended neck veins and hand veins - moist crackles - pitting edema in dependent areas - shortness of breath
QUESTION: What causes hypervolemia?
Answer: Hypervolemia causes - excessive fluid replacement -
heart failure - kidney failure - long-term corticosteroid therapy
QUESTION: What is the treatment for hypervolemia?
Answer: Hypervolemia treatment - restore normal fluid balance
- administer diuretics as ordered - restrict fluid and sodium
intake - daily weights - maintain skin integrity - assess lung sounds
QUESTION: What are the signs and symptoms of
hypocalcemia?