NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Latest Update 2023-2024 200+ Questions and Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed Success
Example of first degree burn - CORRECT ANSWER: sunburn
Example of second degree burn - CORRECT ANSWER: sun burn that blisters
Example of third degree burn - CORRECT ANSWER: charred blackened wound from a
fire
Example of Type 1 Hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER: Severe Allergic reaction to peanuts
Examples of Primary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER: Vaccinations and
Handwashing
Examples of Secondary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER: PAP smears for STDs, lab
work for HBA1C check, mammogram
Examples of Tertiary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER: Rehab for hip surgery,
relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.
Examples of type 2 hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER: Blood transfusions when
wrong blood given, hemolytic disease of newborn when mom and baby have different blood types causing the moms blood to attack fetus, graves disease, myasthenia graves
Examples of type 3 hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER: RA, lupus.
Examples of Type 4 hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER: TB test- 48 hrs later must be read due to delay. Contact dermatitis.
Examples of ways fluid enters the body (Intake) - CORRECT ANSWER: Food, Drink,
IV access.
Examples of ways fluid exits the body (output) - CORRECT ANSWER: Sweat, Urine,
stool, water vapor from lungs, wound drainages, NG secretions.
Explain adaptive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER: slow to develop. More efficient
when there is subsequent exposure. Cells will create memory. Recognizer foreign invaders and destroys foreign invaders. More effective defenses. B Cell= humoral immunity and produces antibodies. T cells are cell mediated immunity and involve T helper and cytotoxic T cells to activate cells to fight foreign invaders.
- / 3
Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER: Where
the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to stress. Fight or Flight responses are activated and energy is given off by the HPA axis to flee or fight the danger ahead.Blood must be redirected to vital organs in this stage to give the organs energy to work.
Explain anemia - CORRECT ANSWER: deficiency in circulating red blood cells due to bone marrow suppression.
Explain cachexia - CORRECT ANSWER: overall weight loss and generalized
weakness due to loss of appetite, increased metabolic rate, nausea and vomiting,
Explain how Myasthenia Gravis works. - CORRECT ANSWER: The acetylcholine
receptor antibodies destroy or block the acetylcholine receptors at the end of neurons.Manifestations include profound muscle weakness and fatigue.
Explain initiation stage - CORRECT ANSWER: events which result in changes to
chromosomes or DNA. Initiators include radiation, UV or carcinogens.
Explain innate immunity - CORRECT ANSWER: you are born with it. It occurs on the initial exposure to an antigen and there are chemical and physical barriers to prevent invasion such as the skin, mucus membranes, enzymes and pH. Fever, inflammation and phagocytosis is included.
Explain leukopenia - CORRECT ANSWER: deficiency in circulating white blood cells.Make people more prone to infection.
Explain Primary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER: "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people.
Explain progression stage - CORRECT ANSWER: the mutated cells start to exhibit
malignant behaviors and permanent changes.
Explain promotion stage - CORRECT ANSWER: stage during which mutated cells
proliferate. Hormones ensure progression.
Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER: the
activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the endocrine system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should ultimately adapt to the stressor.
Explain Secondary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER: "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of disease to catch disease early before it spreads
Explain Tertiary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER: "Treating" and preventing further complications from a disorder or disease after the person has the condition
- / 3
Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER:
Occurs when the stressor is not removed or overcome in the body. The body can no longer return to homeostasis after prolonged exposure to stressor. It causes the body to be depleted and damaged that can lead to disease or death.
Explain the pathophysiology behind compartment syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER:
Edema causes increased pressure within the compartment. The pressure reduces capillary flow and the muscles and the nerves are ischemic and if not treated, necrosis can occur,
Explain the Role of corticotrophin releasing hormone in alarm stage - CORRECT ANSWER: activates the sympathetic nervous system and adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Explain the role of cortisol during alarm stage - CORRECT ANSWER: released by
ACTH reaching the adrenal cortex, this allows for more energy creation to increase glucose and to reduce inflammation. Suppresses the immune system.
Explain the role of epinephrine during alarm stage - CORRECT ANSWER: Stimulates
the fight or flight response by increasing heart rate, bronchodilation of the lungs to increase respirations and amount of air let in, dilates pupils to let more light in, stimulates more glucose to be released.
Explain the role of norepinephrine during alarm stage - CORRECT ANSWER: helps to slow down certain organs such as the GI and GU systems to prepare the body for fight or flight.
Explain the symptoms of a parasympathetic nervous system response - CORRECT
ANSWER: Pupils constrict, salivation occurs, decreased HR, bronchoconstriction,
decreased respiration, GI/GU systems resume action.
Explain the symptoms of a sympathetic nervous system response - CORRECT ANSWER: Pupils dilate, salivation inhibited, increase in HR, bronchodilation of airway, increased respirations, glucose release, inhibit GI/GU.
Explain thrombocytopenia - CORRECT ANSWER: deficiency in circulating platelets.
Cannot clot! Cannot bleed out as not clotting! No shaving or contact sports.
Explain what is herpes simplex 1 - CORRECT ANSWER: Cold Sores. Common on the
lips, face, mouth. Pain is common and can heal within 10-14 days. in latent form
Explain what is herpes simplex 2 - CORRECT ANSWER: responsible for most
infections in the genital area.
Explain what superficial fungal infections are. - CORRECT ANSWER: fungi that grow in warm, moist places. Manifests as circular erythematous rash with itching and burning.Reddish plaques with peripheral scaling and central clearing.
- / 3