NUR 201 Med Surg Exam 1 Latest Update 2024- 2025 Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
Acid - CORRECT ANSWER: Byproduct of cellular metabolism
Acid Buffering - CORRECT ANSWER: Process to control changes in pH by neutralizing acids with buffers
Acid deficit - CORRECT ANSWER: Loss of gastric secretions
Potassium depletion
Acid Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER: Removal of acid from the body
Acid Production - CORRECT ANSWER: Generation of acid through cellular metabolism
Acid-base Balance - CORRECT ANSWER: Is the process of regulating the pH,
bicarbonate (HCO3) concentration, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of body fluids.
Acid-base Control Mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER: 1) Chemical buffers
2) Respiratory 3) Kidneys
Acid-base Control Mechanisms:
Chemical Buffers - CORRECT ANSWER: Act quickly to prevent major changes in body
fluid pH by removing or releasing hydrogen ions
Acid-base Control Mechanisms:
Kidney Control Mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER: Stronger for regulating acid-base
balance -Take longer than chemical and respiratory -Movement of bicarbonate -Formation of acids and ammonium -More powerful -Result in rapid changes in ECF composition
Acid-base Control Mechanisms:
Respiratory Control Mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER: Controls the levels of hydrogen
ions in the blood through the control of CO2 levels -More sensitive to acid-base changes -Can begin compensating in seconds to minutes -Overwhelms easily
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Acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER: Caused by retention of too much acid or loss of too
much base
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) - CORRECT ANSWER: A federal
agency established to improve the quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of health care for Americans.
Have training guides, took kits, etc
Aldoserone - CORRECT ANSWER: Hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain
sodium ions and water
Alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWER: Caused by loss of too much acid or retention of too
much base
Alkalosis Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER: Low calcium levels and low potassium
levels are possible S&S: Dizziness, agitation, confusion, hyperflexia (DTR), tingling or numbness may occur, positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's indicate alkalaosis with hypocalcemia
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - CORRECT ANSWER: Influences the absorption of water
Bicarbonate (HCO3) - CORRECT ANSWER: Weak base
-Major buffer of extracellular fluid
Obtained from:
GI absorption of ingested bicarbonate Pancreatic production Kidney absorption Breakdown of carbonic acid
Level is typically 20 times greater than that of carbonic acid
Buffers can - CORRECT ANSWER: Absorb or release H2
Calcium - CORRECT ANSWER: Stored in bones, but is found in blood.
-If phosphorous goes up, calcium goes down.
Vital for: bone and teeth health, muscle and nerve function, cell function and blood clotting
Absorbed in the GI system, excreted by the kidneys
Calcium (Ca 2+) - CORRECT ANSWER: Causes: Neuro changes
Normal Range: 8.5-10.5 mEq/L
Foods: Vitamin D, diary products, dark green leafy vegetables
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