NSG 533 - Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 - Module One, 2 versions Compilation Latest Update 2025-2026 Actual Exam 220 Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ Verified by Professor
- CORRECT ANSWER: Study figure 2.8 in book!
12-24 hours - CORRECT ANSWER: How long does apoptosis take?
20-30 minutes - CORRECT ANSWER: How long does necrosis take?
a decrease in functional reserve and a reduced ability to adapt to environmental
standards - CORRECT ANSWER: What can age-related changes in the body system be
described as?
a pigment that is released when red blood cells break down or are destroyed -
CORRECT ANSWER: What is bilirubin?
accumulation of DNA and metabolic (free radical) damage - CORRECT ANSWER: Why
does aging happen?
active-energy dependent process under genetic control - CORRECT ANSWER: What
type of process is apoptosis?
Antioxidants - CORRECT ANSWER: These agents remove free radicals and ROs form
our system
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Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER: type I programmed cell death
at the cellular or sub-cellular level - CORRECT ANSWER: Where does all disease
begin?
ATP depletion - CORRECT ANSWER: Which of the stressors causes the most disease?
ATP depletion, oxygen and oxygen-derived free radicals, intercellular calcium and loss
of calcium steady state, and defects in membrane permeability - CORRECT ANSWER:
What are the four categories of stressors that cause disease?
atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER: when cells reduce their size and revert to a lower and more efficient level of functioning in response to a decrease in work demands or adverse environmental conditions
atrophy, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, metaplasia, and dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER:
What are the five types of cell adaption?
authophagy - CORRECT ANSWER: type II programmed cell death
autophagy - CORRECT ANSWER: type II programmed cell death or "eating self" self-destructive process and a survival mechanism
autophagy is a critical garbage collecting and recycling process - CORRECT ANSWER: What role does autophagy play in healthy cells?
by their mechanisms of action - CORRECT ANSWER: How are the four categories of
stressors that cause disease differentiated?
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changes can occur on an acute basis and lead to liver or acute heart failure -
CORRECT ANSWER: Can fatty change be acute? What can it lead to?
clay colored stool and dark urine (most of conjugated bilirubin will be excreted in urine) -
CORRECT ANSWER: What is a clinical manifestation of obstructive jaundice?
clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER: it is what tells an individual and their HCP that something is wrong. Also called "signs and symptoms'
clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER: signs, symptoms and diagnostic criteria
clumping of nuclear material (pyknosis) and the rupture of already swollen lysosomes
and release of their proteolytic enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER: What happens when
ph balance of the cell is lost?
CNS abnormalities - CORRECT ANSWER: What can happen with extremely high and
prolonged levels of bilirubin?
coagulative necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER: What type of necrosis is gangrene?
coagulative necrosis, liquefactive necrosis, fat necrosis, caseous necrosis - CORRECT
ANSWER: What are the different patterns of necrosis?
conjugated becomes part of bile, it exits the liver through the hepatic duct and common bile duct and into the duodenum. - when eliminated in feces it gives stool their brown
color - CORRECT ANSWER: How does bilirubin leave the liver through bile?
conjugated bilirubin accumulate in the liver cell and more diffuses into the blood than
normal. - CORRECT ANSWER: What happens when there is an obstruction to the flow
of bile in the hepatic or common bile duct?
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controls volume of the cell - if more sodium came into cell water would follow and cell
would swell - CORRECT ANSWER: What does maintenance of ion concentration in the
cell do?
dry gang - CORRECT ANSWER: a type of coagulative necrosis when an area is free of infection and the line of demarcation between live and dead tissue is apparent
dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER: characterized by deranged cell growth, and
differentiation within a specific tissue. This often is a precursor to cancer
Early loss of selective membrane permeability found in all forms of cell injury - CORRECT ANSWER: What is the stressor "defects in membrane permeability"?
Endogenous agents - CORRECT ANSWER: What is the name of agents not usually
found in the body?
energy - CORRECT ANSWER: Ischemia can lead to impairment of _______ production
in the cell.
epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER: risk factors and distribution in populations
epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER: this looks at the patterns of disease among
groups or populations. this complement represents the relationship between numerous population characteristics and looks at the incidence or prevalence of diease
etiology - CORRECT ANSWER: causative mechanisms
etiology - CORRECT ANSWER: The "why" of the disease, what is the reason for it. May be complex or straight forward
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