NR507/ NR 507 FINAL EXAM (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A – Chamberlain The only way for a hormone to work is through the blood stream. - ANSWER ~ False.The endocrine cell can also secrete hormones that target cells directly close it.When this occurs, this type of secretion is known as paracrine signaling.Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cell's cytoplasm - ANSWER ~ True.This statement is true. Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cell's cytoplasm.The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - ANSWER ~ True.This statement is true. The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones 1 / 4
To be considered a lipid hormone, it must be bound to a protein and it must bind to receptors inside the cell membrane - ANSWER ~ False.It must be bound to a protein and it bind to receptors on the cell membrane rather than inside the cell membrane.The pineal gland is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle - ANSWER ~ True.The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - ANSWER ~ False.The posterior pituitary receives its hormones (oxytocin and ADH) from the hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary produces its own hormones.Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. - ANSWER ~ This statement is true. 2 / 4
Hyperthyroidism - ANSWER ~ Elevated Thyroid Hormone Suppressed TSH Enlarged liver Hand tremors Hypothyroidism - ANSWER ~ Decreased thyroid hormone and Elevated TSH Fatigue Diminished deep tendon reflexes Type 1 DM - ANSWER ~ Onset 1<10-20 years Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis
Symptoms: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
Autoimmune:Genetic and environmental factors, resulting in gradual process of
autoimmune destruction in genetically susceptible individuals
Nonautoimmune:Unknown
Strong association with HLA-DQA and HLA-DQB genes 3 / 4
acute complications: Diabetic ketoacidosis
Type 2 DM - ANSWER ~ Usually > 40 years of age Associated with hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Symptoms: weakness, weight loss, infections
Results from genetic susceptibility (polygenic) combined with environmental determinants and other risk factors Inherited defects in beta-cell mass and function combined with peripheral tissue insulin resistance Associated with long-duration obesity strong genetic association
Acute complications: Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
alpha cells - ANSWER ~ responsible for secreting glucagon
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